Compared with physical examination, the audiometric test is?
What is more sensitive and less specific.
100
what is a good index of the severity of a short-term, acute disease?
What is standardized mortality ratio
100
The major purpose of random assignment in a clinical trial is to?
What is Reduce selection bias in the allocation of treatment
200
Tell us how fast the disease is occurring in a population
What is Rates
200
What is the single most important predictor of mortality
What is age
200
To understand how a disease is transmitted and develops, what is important to distinguish between in the population?
What is people with the disease, and the people without the disease.
200
what is relative survival
What is it is generally closer to observed survival in young populations
200
The purpose of a double blind or double masked study is to
What is Avoid observer and subject bias
300
The number of people exposed to a suspected food who became ill divided by the number of people who were exposed to the food.
What is Attack Rate
300
Can serve as measure of disease severity and can helo us to determine whether the treatment for a disease has become more effective over time.
What is Mortality Rates
300
What are two components of validity?
What is sensitivity and specificity
300
number of people who die of a disease divided by the number of people who have the disease
What is case fatality rate
300
In many studies examining the association between estrogens and endometrial cancer of the uterus, a one-sided significance test was used. The underlying assumption justifying a one-sided rather than a two-sided test is:
What is The expectation before doing the study was that estrogens cause endometrial cancer of the uterus
400
Prevalence of a disease at a certain point in time
What is Point prevalence
400
The purpose of age adjusted death rates
What is eliminate the effects of diffrences in the age of distribution
400
reliability or repeatability of a test, regardless of the sensitivity or specificity, if the test results can not be reproduced, the value and usefulness of the test are minimal
What is reliability
400
what is one problem with using "person-years" ?
What is each person-year is assumed to be equivalent to every other person- year, ( risk in any person- year being observed is the same).
400
True or false a planned crossover design must take into account the problem of possible residual effects of the first therapy
What is true
500
When project staff make periodic field visits to health care facilities to identify new cases of disease or death from disease
What is Active surveillance
500
= (# of individuals dying during a specified period of time after disease onset or diagnosis)/(# of individuals with the specified disease)
What is Case fatality rate
500
name three types of variation
What is intrasubject variation, intraobserver variation, interobserver variation
500
what is an issue associated with calculating and interpreting survival rates?
What is possible effect of improvements in diagnostic methods Over calendar time.
500
A randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two drugs showed a difference between the two (with a P value < .05). Assume that in reality, however, the two drugs do not differ. This is therefore an example of