Budgeting
Performance Management
Program and Policy Assessment
Administrative Law
Potpourri
100
This is the cumulative sum of borrowing “necessary” over time to pay the difference between gov’t revenues and expenditures.
National debt (or just "the debt")
100
Broadly, these are what we get from government, at least the typically shorter term, tangible, and quantifiable results.
Outputs
100
This is an assessment of a potential governmental decision (or decisions) done by actors in gov’t, or actors affiliated with gov’t.
Policy analysis
100
In the context of the politics of markets, this is the exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service
Monopoly
100
This federal process has 3 general steps, preparation, authorization, execution - though auditing can also be included as a step.
The national budgetary process or the "budget process"
200
This is the statutory limit on the federal debt.
Debt ceiling
200
Broadly, these are what we get from government, at least the typically longer term, big-picture, and qualitative results regarding impacts to people's lives.
Outcomes
200
This is a formal quantitative (and often qualitative) evaluation technique translating tangible costs and benefits into monetary values in order to compare alternatives.
Cost-benefit analysis
200
What gov't official is best described metaphorically by this semiaquatic, egg-laying mammal:
ALJ or administrative law judge
200
These are members of the executive branch who perform quasi-judicial functions (e.g., adjudication).
ALJ or administrative law judges
300
Originally called the Bureau of Budgets, this "office" was created by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921.
OMB or Office of Management and Budget
300
Broadly defined, these are resources appropriated to a gov’t organization, service, or program.
Inputs
300
This style of investigation/evaluation involves reaction to an event or issue that surfaces.
"Firefighting"
300
This is gov’t activity designed to monitor and guide private economic competition, often by limiting producer prices and practices as well as promoting commerce through grants and subsidies
Regulation
300
This is the number of individual budget bills required for the federal gov'ts annual budget process.
12
400
This is the difference between the amount of revenue raised and the amount of federal gov’t spending in a fiscal year.
Budget deficit (or just "the deficit")
400
This term is defined by results driven decision making that attempts to link goal achievement with budgetary allocations.
Performance management
400
This type of policy evaluation is one designed to see if a program is worth sustaining or eliminating.
Existential evaluation
400
This is the legal authority, created by both legislation and judicial decisions, of public administrative entities to perform their duties, and to the limits necessary to control those agencies.
Administrative law
400
This is a type of budgeting that requires agencies to justify all expenditures greater than zero in which no assumptions from the past - even stalwart, good programs must be re-justified each budget cycle.
Zero-based budgeting
500
This is a type of appropriation used by Congress to fund agencies when a formal appropriation bill has not passed.
Continuing resolution or "CR"
500
These reflect the quantity of resources appropriated to a gov’t organization, service, or program - often measured as a ratio (e.g., miles of snow removed).
Efficiency indicators
500
For this type of policy evaluation, societal effects and degrees of program success are measured, and is widely considered the be one of the most reliable factually to determine cause/effect.
Systematic evaluation
500
Passed in the late 1800s, this was the first major antitrust legislation in the U.S., making it illegal to fix prices or monopolize an industry.
Sherman Antitrust Act (of 1890)
500
As a practical means of providing due process for gov't rule making, this process, prior to the agency's final decision on the adoption of a potential rule, offers a window of time for interested parties to voice their support or concern for the potential agency rule.
"Notice and comment" or 30-60 day (or 30 day) notice and comment