Ins & Outs
a person or group who is for the resolution or in support of the topic.
affirmative
speech constructs arguments advocating the resolution's worthiness
First Pro Speech
Seated, all debaters cross-examine and interact with one another.
grand crossfire
An argument that was not answered by the opposing team
dropped argument
This is another name for affirmative
Pro
a person or group who negates the resolution or is against the topic
Negative
speech constructs arguments showing disadvantaged of the resolution and why it should not be adopted
First Con Speech
a regular person judging with no prior experience in speech & debate
lay judge
sections of contentions and cases from speeches on a flow sheet.
blocks
This is another name for negative
Con
the main points maintained or advanced in a debate or argument.
contentions
The burden of refuting the other's team's arguments by analyzing and explaining flaws in the opponent's position
3rd and 4th Constructive Speeches
speeches in which debaters introduce their positions and overall advocacy. These are for building arguments and/or lines of reasoning
Constructive
the time allotted to each team to prepare their arguments. 2-3 minutes in public forum
prep time
The amount of time for summary and final focus speeches.
a speech intended to oppose, disprove, or contradict something said or claimed
rebuttal
These are complicated speeches because each debater has to find a way to explain issues in the light of all that has happened so far- in just two minutes- without speaking too rapidly
Summary speeches
An outline given by the speaker, before the speech begins, to indicate what major positions will be developed or rebutted and in what order.
road mapping
extent to which arguments from different teams contradict and engage with each other
clash
The amount of time for constructive speeches.
an attack on an opposing view in order to weaken it, invalidate it, or make it less credible
refutation
the last speech of PF debate focusing on the arguments in the case. This frames, with clarity, why your team has won this debate.
Final Focus
practice of clearly describing where one is on the Flow at any given time during a speech
sign posting
This is a one-on-one time for questions between the 1st and 2nd speeches.
Crossfire
This is the only section not included in a flow sheet.
Cross-fires/cross examinations