HIV/AIDS in Africa
Which area of Africa has the largest proportion of people living HIV positive?
Southern Africa
Give a definition for human security
There is no single definition
Why do epidemic spread to geographically distant and vulnerable populations?
Because disease survivors become immune to the disease so the microbes causing it need to find new hosts.
What is the aim of the article (Should HIV/AIDS be securitized?)?
Expanding the discipline's engagement with HIV/AIDS by showing that the ethical dilemma that rises from securitizing AIDS of whether or not the illness should be portrayed as a security issue cannot be resolved by the securitization theory
What continent has the highest proportion of the population affected by HIV/AIDS?
Africa
How do armed forces in Africa weaponize HIV/AIDS?
Raping civilians and entering infected blood into medical facilities
How many elements are contained in the definition of human security? Please list them
There are seven elements: economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security
How do scholars view the national security school of though when it comes to associating it with IDs?
They analyse the importance of the threat caused by an ID and the security problem depending on their level of threat to territorial integrity and independence of the state.
What are the two normative dangers when applying the securitization theory?
What is pushing national and international responses to diseases towards state institutions, and 'threat-defence' logic?
How many people are there in the world?
8 billion
What are three reasons for the increased prevalence of HIV/AIDS in military personnel?
Sexually active age, highly mobile and away from home, valorization of risky/violent behaviour, access to casual sexual activity, stress relief from combat
What are the two major limitations for the concept of human security?
lacks precise definition, supporters of human security appear to have an interest in keeping the term vague and expansive
How can domestic instability caused by IDs lead to conflict?
People start competing for scarce resources because of low productivity, crime rises because there are less supportive infrastructures due to budget being put towards health institutions, and rural ethnic and national differences may increase and lead to conflict since rural areas are more effected.
what is securitizing the disease places it in a state-centric framework, HIV/AIDS will revolve around how they effect core state institutions, works against efforts taken by NGOs?
How can you contract HIV/AIDS?
Sexual activity/ contact with contaminated blood.
What is the approximate fraction of the sub-Saharan population that has HIV/ADS?
1/5 or 1/3 of the adult population
What is cell four of the matrix talking about?
Environmental and economic threats
How can ID epidemic influence the global balance of power?
Soldiers are more vulnerable to IDs within their own army and the one they are combating, therefore, they become weaker and depending on which country they are affiliated to can effect a shift in global powers.
How Buzan, Waever and De Wilde view security?
As a particular way of preformative speech-act and defence of scholars aims at 'desecuritization'
Is there a cure to HIV/AIDS?
No, although there are treatments to keep you alive while keeping it in your system.
What are four influences that HIV/AIDS has on Africa's armed forces population?
Additional need for resources and recruitment, staffing issues, decreased ability of soldier to carry out their duties, and generation of new political and legal challenges
Which two countries are among the vocal promoters of human security?
What is the consequence of not designating an ID as a national security threat?
It allows states to not take action and 'look-away' from affected developing states when it doesn't directly threaten their national security: no moral obligation to do anything.
What is the importance of addressing AIDS in the military?
It undermines the ability of political leaders to deny the importance of the problems and its a way to put AIDS on the political agenda.
What are the 5 deadliest IDs from the past 50 years?
AIDS, Malaria, Pneumonia, Measles, Tuberculosis