The Epidemiology Triangle
A model of disease causation that helps us understand the interrelated nature of factors that contribute to disease
What is the epidemiology triangle
An effort to prevent a disease or disorder before it happens
What is primary prevention
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury, or condition
What is a case
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events in excess of normal expectancy in a community
What is an epidemic
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies
What is a reservoir
The cause of the disease
What is an agent
Activities aimed at health screening and early detection to improve the likelihood of a cure and reduce the chance of disability or death
What is secondary prevention
A standard set of criteria that ensures that cases are consistently diagnosed
What is case definition
An epidemic that affects or attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent
What is a pandemic
An invertebrate animal that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
What is a vector
A human or animal that is susceptible to the disease
What is a host
Efforts to limit disability by providing rehabilitation where disease, injury, or a disorder has already occurred and caused damage
The first disease case in the population
What is a primary case
The ongoing, usual, or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people
What is an endemic
A nonliving intermediary such as clothing, food, or water that conveys the agent from its reservoir to a host
The surroundings and conditions external to the human or animal that cause or allow disease transmission
What is the environment
Behavior change on the part of the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is active primary prevention
The first disease case brought to the attention of an epidemiologist
What is an index case
An epidemic that arises from a specific source
What is a common-source epidemic
The infected person (or animal) that contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism
What is a carrier
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and molds are examples of these
What are agents
Does not require behavior change on the part of the individual to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring
What is passive primary prevention
An individual (or group of individuals) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed
What is a suspect case
An epidemic that arises from infections transmitted from one infected person to another
What is a propagated epidemic
An infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector
What is zoonosis