PH Approach
What is the first step in the systematic Public Health Approach to addressing a health problem?
Surveillance
The three core functions of public health identified by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) are Assessment, Policy Development, and what third function?
Assurance
Which ancient civilization is highlighted in the history of public health for actively practicing community sanitation measures around 500 BCE?
Greek and Romans
Vaccinating children against measles before exposure is an example of which level of prevention?
Primary Prevention
Which of the following best defines the primary focus of public health, distinguishing it from clinical medicine?
Populations and prevention
In the Public Health Approach, determining "What is the cause?" corresponds to which step?
Risk Factor Identification
Which core function of public health involves collecting, analyzing, and making available information on the health of a population?
Assessment
In what year was the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established during the Nixon Administration?
1970
Routine mammogram screening to detect breast cancer at an early stage or screening a patient for hypertension during a routine checkup falls under which level of prevention?
Secondary Prevention
Food insecurity, poverty, and unemployment are key indicators within which Social Determinant of Health (SDOH) domain?
Economic stability
In the public health approach model, which step directly follows "Intervention Evaluation" (determining what works)?
Implementation
Which of the 10 Essential Public Health Services falls directly under the Core Function of "Policy Development"?
Formulating policies, plans, and laws
Which ancient text is cited as containing what is believed to be the world's first written health code around 1500 BCE?
Book of Leviticus
Physical therapy provided to a patient recovering from a stroke to restore mobility falls under which level of prevention?
Tertiary Prevention
Which SDOH domain includes conditions like housing quality, transportation access, and exposure to crime?
Neighborhood and Built Environment
Which step of the Public Health Approach involves determining the underlying reasons why a health outcome is occurring in a population?
Identify Risk Factor
Which Core Function of public health involves mobilizing community partnerships to identify and solve health problems?
Policy Development
What historic event during the 14th century AD serves as an early example of biological warfare using plague as a weapon?
Siege of Kaffa
True or False: Secondary prevention prevents disease onset by removing exposure to hazard factors.
False
Which SDOH domain focuses on literacy, language skills, and high school graduation rates?
Education Access and Quality
A disease outbreak investigation team identifies contaminated well water as the source of a cholera epidemic. Which step of the Public Health Approach was just completed?
Risk Factor Identification
Enforcing laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety, as well as evaluating service effectiveness, fall under which Core Function of public health?
Assurance
Prior to John Snow's research, what was the prevailing belief regarding the cause of cholera in 19th-century London, and how did Snow implement his intervention to halt the 1854 Broad Street outbreak?
Bad Air and Removing the handle from the Broad Street pump
True or False: Primary prevention targets individuals who already demonstrate clinical symptoms of a disease.
False
A community health clinic opens extended weekend hours in an underserved rural county. Which SDOH domain does this directly address?
Healthcare Access and Quality