What the public is called if it has a stake in your organization
What is a stakeholder?
100
Five social trends that gave rise to the development of modern public relations began during this era
What was the Progressive Era? (1890s to WWI)
100
This envelops and often inhibits the flow of communication between source and receiver
What is "noise"?
100
According to Donaldson, this is the opposite extreme to cultural relativism
What is ethical imperialism?
100
For PRSA members these consist of advocacy, honesty, expertise, independence, loyalty, and fairness
What are PRSA members' core professional values?
200
In this model of public relations, the focus is getting favorable press coverage
What is the press agentry/publicity model?
200
The nation's first public relations agency, founded 1900 in Boston
What was the Publicity Bureau?
200
This theory of mass communication holds that key opinion leaders may vary from issue to issue
What is the N-Step Theory?
200
In coining this term, Kant advised people to only take actions based on principles they would be willing to see enacted as universal laws
What is a categorical imperative?
200
A public relations practitioner who gives an expensive gift to a magazine columnist in order to favorably influence coverage is violating this provision of the PRSA Member Code of Ethics
What is free flow of information?
300
In this model of public relations, the focus is dissemination of objective and accurate information
What is the public information model?
300
He was the first American president to use the news media in guiding public opinion
Who was Theodore Roosevelt?
300
This view of mass communication holds that mass media tell people not what to think, but what to think about
What is the Agenda-Setting Hypothesis?
300
This philosophy encourages organizations to become a positive force for change change to help improve the quality of people's lives
What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
300
Public relations practitioners who fail to inform a prospective client that they represent a competing company have violated this provision of the PRSA Member Code of Ethics
What are conflicts of interest?
400
In this model of public relations, research is used to influence important publics toward a particular point of view
What is the two-way asymmetrical model?
400
His 1906 "Declaration of Principles" was the first articulation of the concept that public relations practitioners have a public responsibility
Who was Ivy Ledbetter Lee?
400
This theory of mass communication holds that people are not passive receivers but, due to the explosion of media choices, the real power now rests in the ability of people to choose their channels of information
What is the Uses and Gratifications Theory?
400
Bentham and Mill developed this philosophy which holds that all our actions should be directed at producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people
What is utilitarianism?
400
A public relations practitioner who deceives the public by hiring people to speak at public hearings while posing as grass-roots volunteers is violating this provision of the PRSA Member Code of Ethics
What is disclosure of information?
500
In this model of public relations the focus is on two-way communication as a means of resolving conflict and promoting understanding between between an organization and its important publics
What is the two-way symmetrical model?
500
This Austrian-born nephew of Sigmund Freud wrote "Crystallizing Public Opinion" in 1923 and is considered the "father" of public relations
Who was Edward Bernays?
500
His pyramidal Hierarchy of Needs posits that self-actualization is the highest-order human need
Who was Abraham Maslow?
500
Aristotle coined this term to describe his belief that ethical conduct exists at a point of balance and harmony between the two extremes of excess and deficiency
What is the golden mean?
500
A public relations practitioner who changes jobs and uses confidential information to injure the former employer is violating this provision of the PRSA Member Code of Ethics