Organizing and Outlining
A type of connective that emphasizes moving the audience psychologically to the next part of a speech?
Bridging statements
Someone with recognized credentials, knowledge, education, and/or experience in a subject?
Expert
a figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect, thus highlighting the similarities between the two?
Metaphors
A persuasive technique in which a speaker brings up a counterargument to their own topic and then directly refutes the claim
Two-tailed arguments
an active process where you are specifically making an effort to understand, process, and retain information
Listening
A phrase or sentence that connects various parts of a speech and shows the relationship between them?
Connectives
The collection, analysis, comparison, and interpretation of numerical data, understanding its comparison with other numerical data?
Statistics
Language that makes the recipient smell, taste, see, hear, and feel a sensation; also known as sensory language?
Imagery
The use of emotions such as anger, joy, hate, desire for community, and love to persuade the audience of the rightness of a proposition; arguments based on emotion
Pathos
the physical process in which sound waves hit the ear drums and send a message to the brain
Hearing
An organizational pattern for speeches in which the main points are arranged in time order?
Chronological pattern
Having the quality or function of proving or demonstrating something; affording proof or evidence?
Probative
A language used in a specific field that may or may not be understood by others?
Jargon
The members of an audience the speaker most wants to persuade and who are likely to be receptive to persuasive messages
Target audience
a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions
Confirmation bias
The repetition of grammatical structures that correspond in sound, meter, and meaning?
Parallelism
The focus on one stimulus while ignoring or suppressing reactions to other stimuli?
Attention
The succession of sentences beginning with the same word or group of words?
Anaphora
An imagined conversation the speaker has with a given audience in which the speaker tries to anticipate what questions, concerns, or issues the audience may have to the subject under discussion
Mental dialogue
listening to evaluate the validity of the arguments and information and deciding whether the speaker is persuasive and whether the message should be accepted
Critical Listening
An organizational pattern for speeches in which the main points are arranged according to movement in space or direction?
Spatial pattern
Any quotation from a friend, family member, or classmate about an incident or topic?
Peer testimony
Language devices often used to make something unpleasant sound more tolerable
Euphemism
A psychological phenomenon where people confronted with conflicting information or viewpoints reach a state of dissonance (generally the disagreement between conflicting thoughts and/or actions), which can be very uncomfortable, and results in actions to get rid of the dissonance and maintain consonance
Cognitive dissonance
the inner characteristics of the audience; beliefs, attitudes, needs, and values
Psychographic Characteristics