Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
The most basic need in the hierarchy.
Physiological needs (food, water, shelter)
Name one element of the transactional model
Sender (or Encoder), Receiver (or Decoder), Message, Feedback, Noise, Channel, Context
Define ethos
Ethos is credibility and trustworthiness
Define active listening
Active listening involves full engagement and response
What are the three parts of a speech?
Introduction, Body, Conclusion
What comes after safety needs?
Esteem needs.
Define “noise” in communication
Noise is anything that disrupts communication (e.g., distractions, misunderstandings)
Give an example of pathos
Pathos appeals to emotions (e.g., a heartfelt story)
What is defensive listening?
Defensive listening is when someone listens only to argue.
What makes a strong attention-grabber?
A question, quote, story, or statistic can grab attention
What need is fulfilled through friendship?
Belongingness and Love Needs (friendship, relationships)
Explain feedback in the model
Feedback is the receiver's response to the sender.
Give an example of a statement with its rhetorical appeal (ethos/logos/pathos)
"If we don’t act now, people will suffer" = Pathos
How does critical listening differ from passive listening?
Critical listening evaluates the message’s accuracy
What is a preview statement?
A preview statement outlines the main points of a speech
Give an example of self-actualization.
Achieving potential, creativity, purpose, legacy...
Example of psychological noise
Psychological noise is internal distractions (e.g., stress, bias)
Explain kairos in a speech
Kairos is the timeliness and relevance of a speech
Give an example of empathetic listening
"Listening with compassion to a friend’s problem" is empathetic listening
Name three ways to conclude a speech effectively
Effective conclusions summarize key points, provide a final thought, and use a call to action
Name all five levels in order
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Esteem, Self-Actualization
How does the transactional model differ from linear?
The transactional model is dynamic, while the linear model is one-way
Give an example of a speech that uses ethos, logos, AND pathos. Be specific!
Example: "A doctor explaining a medical issue uses ethos, a sad patient story uses pathos, and medical data uses logos."
Why is listening important in public speaking?
Listening helps speakers connect with audiences, improves comprehension, and enhances discussion
Name all the elements in a good outline.
Introduction: Hook, Thesis, Preview; Body: Main Point 1, 2, 3 with support; Conclusion: Summary, Closing Statement