Informative
Type of text but the subject is specifically a person, whether living or deceased
A Biography
The central idea statement in a persuasive speech; a statement made advancing a judgement or opinion
A Proposition
The resources beyond the speech words and delivery that a speaker uses to enhance the message conveyed to the audience
Presentation Aids
An organizational pattern for speeches in which the main points are arranged according to movement in space or direction
Spatial Pattern
The presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes
Extemporaneous Speaking
A statement or claim that cannot be argued
Irrefutable
A symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue through the transmission of a message, in an atmosphere of free choice
Persuasion
A graph designed to show the differences between quantities
A Bar Graph
The repetition of grammatical structures that correspond in sound, meter, and meaning
Parallelism
Pauses that incorporate some sort of sound or word that is unrelated to what is being said;
"uh," "um," and "like" are well-known examples
Vocalized Pauses
A personal view, attitude, or belief about something
An Opinion
Speeches with this type of proposition attempt to establish the truth of a statement
Proposition of Fact
Items appropriate for delivering information that audience members can take away with them
Handouts
A type of connective that emphasizes physical movement through the speech content and lets the audience know exactly where they are; commonly uses terms such as First, Second, Finally
Signposts
The subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace
Vocal Cues
A speech based entirely and exclusively on facts and whose main purpose is to inform rather than persuade, amuse, or inspire
An Informative Speech
A persuasive technique in which a speaker brings up a counter-argument to their own topic and then directly refutes the claim
Two-tailed arguments
A graph designed to show proportional relationships between sets of data
A Pie Graph
An organizational pattern for speeches in which the main points are arranged in time order
Chronological Pattern
The word-for-word iteration of a written message
Manuscript Speaking
Sometimes referred to as demonstration or “how to” speeches because they often entail demonstrating something
A Process Speech
The use of emotions such as anger, joy, hate, desire for community, and love to persuade the audience of the rightness of a proposition; arguments based on emotion
Pathos
Of or relating to the sense of taste
Gustatory
A type of connective that emphasizes what is coming up next in the speech and what to expect with regard to the content
Internal Previews
The rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory
Memorized Speaking