Audiences & Speakers
Information & Knowledge
Organization & Delivery
Speaking & Ethics
Argument Strategy
100
Literal Audience
Anyone and everyone within earshot of a speaker
100
Initial Credibility
Credibility of the speaker prior to speaking, based on reputation, style/appearance, and context.
100
Thesis
A statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved
100
Ethical Speaking
Create a trusting relationship with the audience
100
Vivid Description
Uses dramatic language to help an idea come alive.
200
Target Audience
A subset of the audience for whom the message is intended?
200
Achieved Credibility
Credibility established through interaction with the audience.
200
Impromptu vs Extemporaneous speaking
Impromptu - speaking on the spot without preperation Extemporaneous - speaking from written notes or an outline
200
Bias vs Advocacy
Bias - personal perception Advocacy - making a case for a perspective, change in belief, or particular action
200
Personification
Representing a complex idea through human example, one individual stands in for a general social phenomenon
300
Rhetorical Audience
The audience that the target audience can become, a fictitious, ideal audience.
300
Information vs. Knowledge
Information - facts, statistics, reliable sources Knowledge - applying information to a purpose, putting information in context
300
Introduction
Narration/attention grabber Thesis Preview
300
Plagiarism
Use of language, ideas, or arguments of someone else without giving credit
300
A Fortiori
If something is true in one unlikely instance, it should be true in more common instances.
400
Blood Donor - Literal, Target, Rhetorical
Literal - everyone in the class, anyone within earshot Target - audience members who do not already give blood or are unsure Rhetorical - audience members who decided to start giving blood
400
Credibility of this source: Famed physician Albert Einstein once said “everything should be made as simple as possible, but not one bit simpler.” This is especially true when discussing the art of time management.
Not credible, because: Albert Eintstein was not a physician. Not an expert in time management
400
Body
Main points, evidence, arguments Clear transitions Tie back to thesis
400
Reason vs Force
Reason - argument based on good evidence Force - argument based on deception, fear, negative etc Reason is better, respect the audience and allow them to decide for themselves, rather than deceiving or scaring them into taking your side.
400
Strawperson
Portrays opposing argument through exaggeration, intended to discredit opposition through ridicule, attacks character, but does not address the issue
500
Animal Adoption - Literal, Target, Rhetorical
Literal - everyone in the class, anyone within earshot Target - audience members who do not own a pet, or are unsure Rhetorical - audience members who decide to adopt a pet
500
Assess credibility: Juan Carlos Reyes is even more direct in his attack on the FCC. Reyes has spent ten years researching instances of censorship in different media. In his latest interview with the Journal of Modern Broadcasting, he condemns the FCC for its inconsistency, suggesting that its censorship of music has been drastically harsher than its treatment of television over the last decade.
Credible because: Explains Juan Carlos Reyes research Journal of Modern Broadcasting - peer-reviewed journal
500
Conclusion
Restate thesis Review Peroration/lasting impression
500
Assess statement: If you don't donate blood, people will die, and you will be to blame - basically you are a murderer.
Incites fear/guilt in the audience, clear biased against those who do not give blood, no real evidence presented, harsh wording, etc.
500
Claim-evidence-reason connection, explain why evidence alone is not sufficient
Claim (statement to be proven) --> evidence (expert opinion, data, logical support) --> reason (claim becomes good argument through support of good evidence
M
e
n
u