Gas exchange
the movement of molecules from a high concentration to low concentration
What is diffusion
1g of Hgb binds with how much O2
1.34mL
the repiratory center is located here
medulla and pons of the brain stem
Measurements that provide objective data that can be used to assess the severity and monitor the exacerbation of respiratory diseases
spirometry
high negative intrapleural pressure by vigorous inspiratory efforts against an obstructed upper airway may cause
negative pressure pulmonary edema
Factors effecting gas Diffusion through the respiratory membrane
What is thickness of the membrane, surface area, diffusion coefficient, and partial pressure difference
how much O2 is carried in combination with Hgb in the RBC
97%
O2 acts on which chemoreceptors
peripheral- carotid and aortic bodies
Absence of breathing lasting 10seconds or longer occurring 300-500x a night
sleep apnea
can be obstructive(main) or central(<1%)
URI and Postop pulmonary complications with pediatrics
hypoxemia, laryngospasm, breath holding, cough
The quantitative concept to understand respiratory exchange imbalances between alveolar ventilation and alveolar blood flow
Ventilation-perfusion ratio
hemoglobins affinity for oxygen when a left shift occurs in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
increased
"left loves"
the phenomenon of being able to withstand lower atmospheric O2 after the passage of time
Acclimation
Normal value of FEV1/FVC, and implication with airway obstruction
about 80% and will decrease
increased TLC and RV
maximum expiratory flow rate is reduced
Reduced FEV1/FVC occurs with?
Obstructive lung disease
what does 0 as a VQ ratio represent?
no alveolar ventilation- can be seen with apnea or one lung ventilation
Can displace O2 form hemoglobin and decrease O2 carrying capacity of the blood
Carbon monoxide
when lungs become overinflated, stretch receptors in the lungs activate a feedback response to shut off the inspiratory ramp and stop further inspiration and increase rate of respiration
Hering-Breuer Inflation Reflex
Two testings for risk/diagnose sleep disorders
STOP-BANG
polysomnography (gold standard for sleep apnea)
Autosomal recessive disorder of the chloride channels that leads to alterations in secretion production and clearance due to mutation of CFTF gene on chromosome 7
cystic fibrosis
Vapor pressure and temperature relationship
proportional
what causes right shift in oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
increased CO2, temperature, 2-3 DPG
decreased pH
the collections of neurons and what they control
Dorsal Respiratory- inspiration
pneumotaxic center- rate and depth of breathing
ventral respiratory group- exhalation
Reduced TLC and RV
reduced FEV1 and FVC
normal FEV1/FVC occurs in what lung disease
restrictive
symptoms with levels of hypercapnia:
PCO2 60-75mmHg
PCO2 80-100 mmHg
PCO2 120-150 mmHg
rapid and deep breathing
lethargy and comatose
death