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100
What disorder typically presents with chronic productive cough and wheezing characterized by airway dilation and bronchial wall thickening?
Bronchiectasis
100
Prolonged immobility, such as extensive air travel, significantly increases the risk of what pulmonary condition in an otherwise healthy patient?
Pulmonary embolism
100
What is this scoring system called?
Mallampati Score for classification of airway difficulty
100
What is the characteristic sputum associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae?
red currant jelly
100
What is the emergency procedure used when a patient is unable to be oxygenated or intubated?
cricothyrotomy
200
A 49yo male with 40 PPD tobacco history presents to ER with 2 days of progressive pain and swelling of the left lower leg since returning to US from Australia. There is no history of trauma, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Vital signs are stable. What is preferred diagnostic study to evaluate for the presumptive diagnosis?
Lower extremity venous doppler ultrasound
200
What inhaled medication is used as chronic suppressive therapy for cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis?
inhaled aminoglycosides (tobramycin)
200
What class of medications is used to excrete excess fluid and decrease heart strain in pulmonary edema?
diuretics
200
A 22yo asthmatic patient presents to the ER with increasing chest tightness, progressive dyspnea, and decreased peak flow measurements. She is placed on oxygen and high doses of SABA with minimal relief. What additional medication should be provided to this patient?
systemic steroids
200
What is the gold standard to diagnose and quantify the severity of pulmonary hypertension?
right heart catheterization
300
A 13yo boy has a history of chronic sinusitis and malabsorption. During acute respiratory illnesses, he frequently develops a cough, thick mucus, and dyspnea. Mutation of what gene is responsible for this condition?
Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene
300
68yo male has a history of COPD. Which pulmonary hypertension group is he at risk for?
III- pulm htn caused by lung disease, such as COPD, sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis
300
What acid-base disorder is commonly associated with Kussmaul respirations?
Metabolic Acidosis
300
A 65yo male with a 40 PPD tobacco history presents with chronic cough with sputum production, dyspnea on exertion, and fatigue for the past 2 years. These symptoms were not previously evaluated due to lack of insurance. Physical exam shows distended neck veins, digital clubbing, peripheral edema, and an S3 gallop. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Cor Pulmonale
300
Methacholine testing can aid in diagnosing which TWO conditions discussed in this unit?
Asthma and Byssinosis
400
Which phase of ARDS includes inflammatory cytokines causing capillary leakage, as well as alveolar flooding, surfactant loss, and neutrophil influx?
Exudative Phase (0-7 days) of ARDS
400
A 72yo male with long-standing tobacco use history is found to have an enlarging solitary pulmonary nodule with CXR. He denies prior advanced imaging. What imaging study would be ordered next to further evaluate the nodule?
Chest CT
400
What are the three components of Virchow's Triad?
Vascular endothelial injury, blood flow stasis, and hypercoagulable state
400
Acute onset within 1 week of known insult, bilateral opacities on chest imaging, PaO2/FiO2 < 300mmHg with PEEP >5cmH2) are called what criteria?
Berlin Criteria
400
What EKG pattern is most specific for pulmonary embolism?
S1Q3T3 pattern
500
What two vasoactive mediators are increased and what two are decreased in pulmonary arterial hypertension?
increased thromboxane and endothelin
decreased prostacyclin and nitric oxide
500
This induction medication used for intubation is considered hemodynamically neutral
Etomidate
500
A 64yo female with COPD presents to ER with worsening dyspnea over the last few days. Oxygen sat is 90%. ABG shows PH 7.29, PaCO2 of 60mmHg, HCO3 29 mmol/L, and PaO2 of 75mmHg. What is the acid-base disorder?
Respiratory Acidosis
500
A 17-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden onset chest pain and shortness of breath after participating in a strenuous wrestling match earlier that day. He describes the chest pain as sharp and worse with inspiration. He denies any trauma, fever, or history of asthma. On examination, his vital signs are stable. Auscultation reveals normal breath sounds. Palpation of the neck reveals crepitus, and a faint crunching sound synchronous with the heartbeat is heard on auscultation over the precordium (Hamman’s sign).
A chest X-ray shows lucency outlining the cardiac silhouette and air tracking up into the soft tissues of the neck.
What is his likely diagnosis?
pneumomediastinum