Pulmonary Basics
What enzyme is responsible for the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate?
What is carbonic anhydrase?
The chest pain associated with a pulmonary embolism is ______ in nature
What is pleuritic?
What is the initial activator of the coagulation cascade?
What is tissue factor?
What type of hypoxemia is seen in Pulmonary Embolism?
What is V/Q Mismatch?
The right lung has ___ lobes, and the left lung has ___.
What is 3;2.
What ion is brought into erythrocytes in order to get bicarbonate out to be diffused into the blood?
What is Cl-?
Pulmonary embolisms can lead to what cardiac abnormality?
What is right heart strain?
What molecule is responsible for the cross-linking of fibrin?
What is factor XIIIa?
List 3 of Jennifer’s risk factors for developing a pulmonary embolism
What is family history of Myocardial Infarction, recent surgery, recent pregnancy
After what section of the bronchial tree does respiration begin?
What is after the Terminal Bronchioles (generation 14).
Which part of the total oxygen content equation is increased upon administration of 100% O2? CaO2 = (FiO2 x [Patm - PH2O]) - (PCO2 /RQ)?
What is FiO2?
What is the name of the EKG that is sometimes associated with PE?
What is S1Q3T3?
Deep S wave in lead I, Q wave and inverted T wave present in lead III
What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?
What is heparin enhances activity of Antithrombin?
Name 3 factors on the Wells Score worth +1 point
What is active cancer, immobilization of the lower extremities, recently bedridden, localized tenderness, leg swelling, one leg swollen > other, pitting edema, superficial veins visible
A foreign body is most likely to obstruct the ____ lung.
What is right?
The blood flow that supplies the lung tissue itself is known as ________ circulation, while the blood flow that travels to the lungs for the purpose of oxygenating systemic circulation is known as _______ circulation
What is bronchial; pulmonary?
What does a D-Dimer measure, and why is it elevated in a pulmonary embolism?
What is D-Dimers are generated when cross-linked fibrin is created (fibrin is cross-linked to finalize the stable platelet plug in clot formation
What molecule is responsible for the breakdown of cross-linked fibrin?
What is plasmin?
The PaO2 is classically _____ in a patient with a pulmonary embolism, and the PaCO2 is classically _______ in a patient with a pulmonary embolism.
What is low; low
Type ___ pneumocytes are used for gas exchange, and Type ___ pneumocytes produce surfactant
What is I; II?
Pulmonary Embolism leads to ______ pulmonary vascular resistance?
What is increased?
What cardiac defect must be checked for in someone with a pulmonary embolism?
What is ASD/ patent foramen ovale - can lead to embolic stroke
Why would Jennifer be put on heparin before warfarin, even though warfarin is an oral medication?
What is Warfarin inhibits Proteins C and S as well as factors II, VII, IX and X, but Protein C and Protein S have a shorter half life, putting her at risk of warfarin-induced necrosis
Jennifer’s tachypnea leads her to develop respiratory alkalosis. 2-5 days following this alkalosis, a 10mmHg drop in her pCO2 would lead to a ____ decrease in bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is 5 mEq/L?