Asthma
This can include dust mites, pollen, and animal dander.
What is an environmental trigger for asthma?
This is the leading cause of COPD due to its inflammatory effects on the lungs.
What is cigarette smoking?
These are the classifications of pneumonia.
What are:
This is the primary risk factor for pulmonary embolism.
What is deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
This pathophysiology that characterizes pulmonary hypertension.
What is elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often leading to right heart failure?
This clinical condition often leads to ARDS due to its systemic inflammatory response.
What is sepsis?
This test measures forced expiratory volume in 1 second and is used to diagnose asthma.
What is spirometry?
This is the classification system by which COPD is graded.
What is the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)?
This pathogens commonly responsible for community-acquired pneumonia.
What are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
This is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism.
What is CT pulmonary angiography?
This test is used as an initial screening tool for pulmonary hypertension.
What is an echocardiogram?
The Berlin Definition classifies ARDS as mild, moderate, or severe based on this ratio.
What is the PaO2/FiO2 ratio?
This medication class includes drugs like omalizumab and mepolizumab, which are used for severe eosinophilic asthma.
What are biologics?
This treatment for COPD is the most important.
What is Smoking cessation?
This is the first-line outpatient treatment for community-acquired pneumonia.
What are amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolide?
This medical therapy is often used for pulmonary embolism.
What are direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)?
This vasodilator class of drugs is used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What are phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors?
This is the first-line treatment for ARDS, focused on protecting the lungs.
What is lung-protective ventilation?
This is the characteristic pathophysiological process in asthma, leading to reversible airflow obstruction.
What is chronic airway inflammation?
This medication class includes drugs such as short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) for COPD treatment.
What are bronchodilators?
This pathogens commonly responsible for hospital-acquired pneumonia.
What are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
This differentiates a submassive from a massive PE.
What is hypotension?
This diagnostic test is the definitive one for pulmonary hypertension.
What is right heart catheterization?
This supportive therapy may be used in severe ARDS when conventional ventilation is insufficient.
What is extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)?
This drug is typically used for acute asthma symptoms, providing rapid relief.
What are rescue inhalers, SABA, albuterol?
These are diagnostic modalities for COPD.
What are...
These are diagnostic modalities for pneumonia.
What are...
In certain cases, this device may be used to prevent further emboli in patients with pulmonary embolism.
What is an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter?
What is WHO Groups 1-5?
In patients with ARDS, this position is recommended to improve oxygenation.
What is prone positioning?