Pulmonary edema

Signs/symptoms

100

What would be the first s/s of Pulmonary edema?

Extreme dyspnea

200

Why would a patient have anxiety during a pulmonary edema episode?

Severe dyspnea will increase the stress of lacking the ability to breath effectively. Anxiety is our bodies natural fear response.

300

Give three signs/symptoms that a patient may present with.

Extreme dyspnea

Blood-tinged frothy sputum

Diaphoresis

Pallor

Cyanosis

Inspiratory fine crackles

Restlessness

Anxiety

Wheezing (Cardiac asthma)

A gallop may be heard upon auscultation

400

What causes cyanosis to occur?

Lack of circulatng oxygen in RBC'S.

500

What heart sounds are heard in a gallop?

3rd (S3) and 4th (S4) heart sounds

Treatments

100

What position should a patient be placed in?

Upright position

200

Give two examples of diuretics.

Furosemide, hydrochloriazide, bumetanide, spironolactone, tosemide.

300

What oxygen mask is initial used in patients admitted with Pulmonary edema?

Nonrebreather mask

400

How often is nitroglycerin administered?

Every 5 minutes if chest pain continues.

500

What would be the last treatment option for a patient who is suffering with pulmonary edema?

Ventilation

Diagnosis

100

What kind of diagnosis is completed without any tests completed?

Clinical dx

200

Ultimately how is Pulmonary edema diagnosed.

By Chest X-ray

300

Can a pulse oximetry give us any vital information for this patient.

Yes, can tell us what percent of their RBC's are oxygen saturated and if their body tissues are receiveing adequate o2.

400

What is the normal serum BNP range?

<100pg/ml

500

What can an echocardiogram tell us in a patient with pulmonary edema?

It can determine the cause whether it derived from and MI, valvular dysfunction, heart disease, or cardiomyopathy.