Assessment
The onset of a pulmonary embolism would be described as this in relation to its progression.
What is Sudden?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Burns
Cancer
Heart failure
What are acquired risk factors for a PE
Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics
What are the main treatment methods for a PE
A blood test that tests fibrin products/fragments for the formation of a thrombus.
What is a d-dimer test?
What is the best therapy for PE?
What is prevention?
suspicion of a pulmonary embolism would be in any patient experiencing this body system distress.
what is Respiratory?
____ is the underlying cause of death for 90% of PE, causing approximately 25,000 deaths per year
What is a DVT?
Anticoagulant
What method of treatment for a PE would break the actual clot up and prevent new clots from forming
Golden diagnostic tool for detecting a PE.
What is a spiral CT?
What do you need to assess for on a regular basis?
What is pain/tenderness, unilateral edema, erythema, and warmth?
This is the underlying cause of 90% of pulmonary embolisms
what is a DVT?
the 3 main mechanisms that favor the development of venous thromboembolism are referred to as Virchow's Triad. these 3 mechanisms are what
1) what is Venous Stasis
2) what is Hypercoagulability
3) what is Damage to Vessel Walls
If you have a very large, life-threatening clot in your lung, your doctor may suggest removing it via a thin, flexible tube (catheter) threaded through your blood vessels.
What surgical procedure can be done to treat a PE?
Cardinal sign for a pulmonary embolism
What is pleuritic chest pain?
What are some nonpharmacological interventions to help prevent PEs?
What are are intermittent pneumatic compression device, graduated compression stockings, and mobility programs?
Lack of blood flow to the lungs during a Pulmonary Embolism leads to a decrease in the production of this surface tension agent resulting in atelectasis and contributes further to hypoxemia
Within the last 4 weeks, a patient took a road trip across the country. After how many hours would the risk of developing a VTE
what is 4 hours
Remain on them, this acts as preventative care for another one
When a patient has a pulmonary embolism, do they remain on the medications or stop them?
Chest pain that is worse on inspiration when breathing.
What is pleuritic chest pain?
What are some pharmacological interventions to help prevent PEs?
What is unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin?
Classic symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include these 3 hallmark symptoms.
1) what is Pleuritic chest pain
2) what is shortness of breath
3) what is hypoxemia
A nurse comes into her shift in the ED. Which patients are most at risk for developing a pulmonary embolism? Select all that apply.
A. 61 year-old-male who had a knee replacement two weeks ago
B. 43 year-old-female with a rash who recently traveled from Italy for a business trip
C. 17 year-old-male athlete reporting constipation with an absence of bowel movements in 4 days
D. 26 year-old-female with heavy menstrual flow and cramping requesting a different oral contraceptive
Risk factors for PE include major surgery within the last 4 weeks (knee replacement), plane or car trip longer than four hours within the past four weeks and oral contraceptives
When a patient has a filter placed, does it stay placed forever or is it removed?
Provides direct visualization of the pulmonary vasculature and provides 100% certainty of an obstruction, but is invasive and difficult.
What is pulmonary angiography?
What are 5 subjects you need to review with the healthcare team daily to help prevent PEs?
What are current VTE risk factors, the necessity for central venous catheter, current VTE prophylaxis, risk for bleeding, and response to treatment?