normal values
What is INR? What would it mean if INR was too high? What is the normal value?
INR is a test for blood coagulation
If it is too high --> causes blood to be thinner --> increases person's risk for bleeding/bruising
Normal: 0.8-1.2
What is the normal value for Cl-? What might happen if levels are increased/decreased?
Normal: 95-105
too high: related to acidosis
too low: edema
What is an ABI measuring? What is considered a normal ABI?
Used to examine for the presence of PAD
1.0-1.4
Describe a 2+ on the pitting edema scale.
takes a few seconds to rebound
When is the S4 sound heard? What causes this sound?
right before S1
happens during the second phase of filling, atria forcefully contract and eject blood to ventricles
may be normal in highly trained athletes
What are the normal values for RBCs in the body for males/females?
Males: 4.7-6.1
Females: 4.2-5.4
What would decreased levels of BUN indicate? What is the normal value?
may indicate LIVER damage
Normal: 7-20
What are the values for an acceptable ABI, some arterial disease, moderate obstruction and severe obstruction?
Acceptable: 0.9-1.0
Some arterial disease: 0.8-0.9
Moderate obstruction: 0.5-0.8
Severe obstruction: <0.5
Describe a 4+ on the pitting edema scale.
What are the main focuses in phases 1-4 of cardiac rehab?
Phase 1: transfers, education,ambuation, stairs, AD training
Phase 2: Outpatient, 1-2 weeks after DC from hospital, Supervised exercise on telemetry
Phase 3: supervised exercise, not not monitored with telemetry, aerobic and resistance
Phase 4: 2-3 months pose event, HEP
Travels through the blood and lymph to fight infection
Normal: 5-10
Tests for kidney function
normal: 0.6-1.5
What is an abnormal result for capillary refill test?
If it takes longer than 3 seconds for the nail bed to regain blood flow
What is the "S1" heart sound?
This is during systole- "Lub", where the mitral and tricuspid valves slam shut
Aortic and pulmonic valves open
What are the precautions after someone gets a pacemaker for 4-6 weeks? What are the permanent precautions?
For 4-6 weeks: no lifting arm above the shoulder, reaching behind the back, avoid rapid motion, no lifting anything heavier than 10 lbs, avoid driving
Permanent: no MRIs, precautions with US, E-stim, NMES, cell phones 6" away from pacemaker site
What can abnormal K+ cause? What is the normal value?
Abnormal can cause cardiac dysrhythmias
Normal: 3.5-5.0
What are the normal values for HDL, LDL, Triglycerides and total cholesterol?
HDL: above 50
LDL: below 130
Triglycerides: below 150
Total cholesterol: below 200
What is the Elevation pallor test? What would indicate a positive test?
Elevate the leg to 30 degrees for 60 seconds
If there is pallor--> it is a positive test
If there is pallor at less than 30 degrees--> PVD is severe
What is the S2 heart sound?
This is during diastole "Dub"
Aortic and Pulmonic valves slam shut
Mitral and tricuspid open
What is an important thing to know when you have someone with an AICD/ICD and you are starting a new rehab program with them?
Need to know the threshold of the AICD defibrillator so it doesn't shock the patient during exercise
What is the normal value for Na+ in the body? What does it do?
Normal: 135-145
Maintains acid base balance
What is a person's total lung volume value?
500 mL
What is the Allen's test? What would indicate a positive test?
PT compresses the radial and ulnar arteries and patient squeezes hand together a lot, PT lets go to see how long it takes for blood flow to get back to the hand
Positive: if it takes longer than 5 seconds to return blood flow
When does the S3 heart sound occur? What is happening in the heart with this sound?
Right after S2
It is created by the early passive filling of the ventricles
What are some examples of mild activities for METs?
golf with cart, walking 2 mph, bowling, fishing, dancing (ballroom)