SMOs
For a patient presenting in anaphylactic shock, this medication should be given intramuscularly at a dose of 0.3 mg without waiting for a response
Epinephrine (1mg/1mL)
Patients with this disease suffer from a productive cough for 3 months per year for 2 or more consecutive years, and are sometimes referred to as "blue bloaters"
Chronic Bronchitis
This anatomical structure serves as a critical filtering device for both the digestive and respiratory tracts
What is the larynx
This diagnostic tool is considered the "gold standard" for monitoring PCO2 and confirming airway placement
Capnography
This mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs requires an intact chest wall, nerve pathways, and diaphragm
Ventilation
To manage mild to moderate respiratory distress with wheezing, you should administer this combination of medications via a hand-held nebulizer
Albuterol (2.5 mg) and Ipratropium (0.5 mg)
This condition causes a sudden onset of sharp, pleuritic chest pain, involves the loss of negative pressure in the pleural space, and is most common in tall, thin males
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
These thin, fingerlike projections in the nasal cavity contract in a single direction to move mucus
What is Cilia
A "Shark Fin" waveform on a capnograph indicates this type of lower airway issue, commonly seen in asthma and COPD
Bronchospasm (Lower airway obstruction)
The most important chemical determinant that stimulates the medulla to increase the ventilatory rate is an increase in this specific gas.
Surfactant
If an asthmatic patient remains in critical, severe distress after initial treatments, you should administer 2 grams of this medication slowly over 10 minutes via IV/IO
Magnesium Sulfate (50%)
A patient presenting with "bed shaking" chills, weakness, and a deep, productive cough producing yellow to brown sputum is likely suffering from this infection
pneumonia
There are an estimated 300 million of these terminal sacs in the human lungs where the majority of gas exchange takes place
What are Alveoli
This physical finding, characterized by changes in the shape of the fingernails, is an indicator of chronic hypoxemia
Digital Clubbing
This colorless, odorless "bully" gas is dangerous because it results from the incomplete burning of fossil fuels and displaces oxygen on the hemoglobin molecule
Carbon Monoxide
According to Sherman SMOs, you should limit oxygen administration to target an SpO2 of 88% to 92% for patients with an exacerbation of this chronic disease
COPD
Carpopedal spasm, or the cramping of the hands and feet, is a classic physical sign of this respiratory condition
Hyperventilation Syndrome
This chemical keeps the alveoli moistened and prevents them from collapsing
What is surfactant
This physical assessment term is used to describe the ease with which the chest expands during ventilation
This transport protein, which carries 98 percent of the oxygen in the bloodstream, acts like a "city bus" with four seats
Hemoglobin
If an unconscious adult has a severe airway obstruction and you are absolutely unable to ventilate them by any other means, the protocol dictates moving to this extreme surgical intervention
Surgical Cricothyrotomy
This disease process creates an abrupt perfusion failure (increased dead space), often presenting with clear lung sounds but a suddenly decreased EtCO2 reading and a small, square capnography waveform
pulmonary embolism
The trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi at this specific anatomical landmark
What is the carina
These soft, low-pitched breath sounds are normally auscultated in the periphery of the lungs
vesicular breath sounds
This reflex utilizes stretch receptors in the lungs to prevent overinflation during breathing
Hering-Breuer reflex