Anatomy
Physiology
Diseases
Treatment
Medication
100

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

The nose to the larynx.

100

What are the 2 primary functions of the respiratory system?

External Respirations and Internal Respiration 

100

What is asthma? 

A chronic disease that affects the airway. 

100

What are Metered-Dose Inhalers(MDI)?

Provides aerosol medication that is breathed into the lungs. Usually treats asthma and COPD.

100
What is the route of administration for asthma? 

Orally or inhaled

200

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx? 

Nasopharynx (naval cavity), oropharynx (behind the mouth, part of the respiratory and digestive system), and laryngopharynx (Between the epiglottis and the esophagus) 

200

When do the lungs reach maturity? 

Age 20-25

200

What is the third leading cause of death in the United States?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

200

What is a spacer?

A long tube that is attached to the mouthpiece of an MDI 

200

What are Antihistamines used for? 

To relieve allergies

300

What makes up the lower respiratory tract? 

Trachea, bronchial tubes, and  the lungs

300

What type of conditions can upper airway constriction cause? 

Suprasternal retractions and supraclavicular retractions 

300

What is COPD?

A degenerative disease that thins the alveoli, and inflammation of the bronchial tubes. There is excessive production of mucus and diminished activity of the cilia. 
300

How much oxygen is delivered in a nasal cannula with a flow range (LPM) of 2-4? 

28%-34%

300

What are the desired effects of expectorants?

To thin the secretions in the bronchial tubes to make it easier to cough up the mucus.

400

What do the lungs consist of?

Lungs are soft and spongey because of the air sacs that make up most of the mass. Each lung has lobes, the right one has 3, while the left has 2. The lungs are enclosed by a double-folded, serous membrane called the pleura. 

400

What type of conditions can lower airway obstructions cause? 

Substernal retractions and subcostal retractions

400

What are the hazards of tobacco use for the respiratory system?

Lunch cancer, pneumonia, COPD, tuberculosis, asthma

400

Describe how the Nebulizer Treatment works. 

Can be done in the ambulatory care setting or at home. It is a small machine that turns liquid medication into a fine spray that can be inhaled, and it is stronger than an MDI. 

400

List the generic names of bronchodilators

Albuterol and tiotropium 

500

Explain how breathing works. 

The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles are responsible for breathing. On inspiration, the diaphragm is pulled down and flattened, and the intercostal muscles expand as it pulls air into the lungs. On expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air out of the lungs. 
500

How does the respiratory system have an important role in maintaining the pH level?

It regulates the amount of CO2 in the blood. When the CO2 mixes with water, it creates a buffer bicarbonate. These two work together to keep the pH level balanced. If the person hyperventilates, CO2 and bicarbonate decrease, which increases the pH level. 

500

Describe central sleep apnea.

The breathing stops repeatedly during sleep. The brain temporarily stops sending signals to the muscles that control breathing. This condition can be caused by brainstem injuries, CHD, and narcotic analgesics. 

500

List the classifications of respiratory medication treatments.

Antihistamines, antivirals, antitussives, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, decongestants, expectorants, and leukotriene receptor antagonists 

500

What are the side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists? 

Headache, dizziness, heartburn, stomach pain, tiredness, hypersensitivity, numbness in arms and legs, swelling of the sinuses. 

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