carthage
This was the home city-state of Carthage, located in modern-day Tunisia
What is Carthage?
The type of government Rome had during the Punic Wars
What is a republic?
The name of the first major conflict between Rome and Carthage
What is the First Punic War?
The Carthaginian general who was Hannibal's father
Who is Hamilcar Barca?
The primary economic driver that caused conflict between Rome and Carthage
What is the trade/control of Mediterranean trade routes?
The primary trading commodity that made Carthage wealthy
What is trade/commerce?
This Roman consul famously declared "Carthago delenda est" (Carthage must be destroyed)
Who is Cato the Elder?
This naval battle technique involved ramming enemy ships
What is the "ram" technique?
This Roman general defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama
Who is Scipio Africanus?
The type of government Carthage used
What is an oligarchy?
Name of the legendary Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants
Who is Hannibal?
The Roman military formation that gave them a significant advantage in naval battles
What is the corvus (boarding bridge)?
The strategy of cutting off food and supply lines to weaken an enemy
What is a siege?
The Carthaginian general who led troops in Spain before Hannibal
Who is Hasdrubal?
The agricultural product that was crucial to both civilizations' economies
What is grain/wheat?
The language primarily spoken by the Carthaginians
What is Punic?
The Roman province where much of the fighting occurred during the Second Punic War
What is Hispania?
The Roman method of fighting that involved throwing javelins before close combat
What is the pilum throw?
The Roman general who first successfully invaded North Africa during the wars
Who is Scipio Africanus?
The primary metal used for weapons and trade during this period
What is bronze?
This geographic feature surrounding Carthage made it a strategic maritime power
What is the Mediterranean Sea?
The final battle that completely destroyed Carthage and ended the Third Punic War
What is the Battle of Carthage?
The specific military tactic Hannibal used to surround and decimate Roman legions
What is the double envelopment/Cannae strategy?
The Roman statesman who orchestrated the final destruction of Carthage
Who is Cato the Elder?
The broader historical significance of the Punic Wars in Mediterranean history
What is the establishment of Roman Mediterranean dominance?