Sensation & Perception and Vision
What is the difference between sensation and perception
Sensation: Detecting physical energy with sensory receptors
Perception: Interpreting/organizing sensory information
Explain frequency theory
Pitch is determined by the note of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve
Bottom-up: Perception begins with sensory input
Top-down: Perception influenced by expectations and experience
Define Priming
Exposure to 1 stimulus influences response to another
What is parallel processing?
Processing multiple aspects of information simulaneously
What is Weber's Law?
JND is a constant proportion of the original stimulus (not fixed amount)
What is kinethesis
Sense of body position and movement
Define perceptual set
Readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way
What term/concept is this?
Higher-level thinking skills: planning, attention, impulse-control, decision-making
Executive functions
Define LTP (Long-Term Potentation)
Strengthening of synapses after repeated stimulation
What role do the cones play in vision?
Detect color and fine detail
Works in bright light
What is the gate-control theory of pain?
Gate-control: Spinal cord blocks pain signals, and pain is influenced by psychological factors
Describe Retinal Disparity: Is it M or B?
Difference between images seen by each eye
-greated difference = closer object
B
Define Assimilation and Accommodation
Accommodation: Changing a schema to fit new information
The Working Memory Model processes info into long term memory. What is the role of executive, phonological loop, and visiospacial sketchpad?
Central executive: Directs attention and coordinates tasks
Phonological loop: Processes verbal and auditory information
Visiospacial sketchpad: Processes visual and spatial information.
What role does the blind spot play in vision?
Point where optic nerve exits retina
-No rods or cones
What is conduction deafness
Problems with sound transmission in the ear (eardrum or ossicles)
Describe Linear Perspective
Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance
What are algorithms
Step-by-step problem solving procedures that guarantee a solution
What are the levels of processing model?
Structural (Shallow; appearance of words)
Phonemic (Sound of words)
Semantic (Meaning; deepest processing)
Explain the Opponent-Process Theory and how it relates to the After Image Effect
Color is processed in opposing pairs (red-green, blue-yellow, black-white). After images occur when 1 color pair is fatigued.
What are the 5 tastes?
Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, unami, oleogustus (fat taste)
We organize stimuli into meaningful wholes
-Figure-ground, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, connectedness
Tendency to solve problems using strategies that already worked
What chunkking
grouping information into meaningful units