Background
Name ONE PBI, specifically related to crime scene
Eyewitness memory testimonies
What was the sampling method?
Mystery. Not specified.
"Recruited"
How many video clips were there?
4, 2 with cartoon, 2 with humans
(Results) What was children's correct identification rate for cartoon faces?
.99
Valid consent
Lack of deception
Name TWO PBI, specifically related to memory
Reconstructive Memory Theory
Confabulation
How many participants were there? (Both children and adults)
Children - N=59
Adults - N=53
What did children get as a thank you gift?
Crayons and colouring book.
What was adults' correct identification rate for cartoon faces and human faces?
- cartoon faces (.95)
- human faces (.66).
Objectivity, was it a strength or weakness? Why?
Strength, simply testing memory (contrasting the eye-test study).
*Extra points for explaining HOW - Minimised subjectivity by having raters to make sure that the chosen foils looked similar.
Describe what biased and unbiased line-ups are.
biased - making the target obvious/stand out from the rest.
unbiased - having similar foils.
What was participants age range?
Children - 4 to 7
Adults - 17 to 30
What processes were there for children before watching the video clips?
Parents filling and signing the forms.
Children doing craft activities with researchers.
Correct identification rates for both adults and young children were ______, whereas children had a significantly _____ rate of correct identification for human faces than adults.
Additional points for specifying correct identification rate for human faces.
Correct identification rates for both adults and young children were similar, whereas children had a significantly lower rate of correct identification for human faces (.23) than adults (.66).
Why is Generalisability a weakness of this study?
Biased sample - Socioeconomic background and age.
What is false positive responses?
- Occurs when eye-witnesses falsely identify an innocent person due to false eye-witness memory (in target-absent condition). Line-ups used to identify the perpetrator.
How many male and female participants were in the study, either children or adults.
children - 21 females and 38 males
adults - 36 females and 17 males
What was the independent and dependent valuables in this study?
Independent Variables:
•Age (children were compared with adults)
•Nature of the target faces (familiar cartoon characters or unfamiliar human faces).
•Type of line-up – target-present or target-absent.
Dependent Variable: Identification of target face.
Describe the results for young children's correct rejection rate.
Young children were significantly more accurate with a correct rejection rate with cartoon face (.74) versus human faces (.45).
Validity: Strength and weakness
Strengths
Internal validity – within-subjects measure
High degree of control – carefully created materials.
Weakness
Construct validity and ecological validity
Describe the aims of the study.
- To investigate the social and cognitive factors in children's identification of target faces in line-ups.
Additional points if mention:
- whether children are less able to recognised human faces than adults.
- make more false positive identifications than adults when faced with:target-absent line-ups vs.
- target-absent line-ups versus target-present line-ups
- human faces and cartoon characters.
Where were the samples taken from? (both children & adults)
Children - Three private schools in Eastern Ontario, Canada.
Adults - The Introductory Psychology Participant Pool from an Eastern Ontario university
Fill in the gap!
The _ tightly cropped _____ and _____ headshots were presented at the ____ ____, and each target's lineup position was __________.
All line-ups included a ________ as a visual reminder that genuine target may ___ __ _______.
The 4 tightly cropped black and white headshots were presented at the same time, and each target's lineup position was randomised.
All line-ups included a silhouette as a visual reminder that genuine target may not be present.
- Cognitive factors (eg. faulty memory) were not responsible for the lower success rate in correctly rejecting the foils in the target-absent line-ups
- Children are less accurate than adults when faced with unfamiliar human actors.
Reliability: Strength and weakness
Strength - The standardised procedure and instructions (easily replicated).
Weakness - 2 minutes filler task had either 2 or 3 questions, potentially leaving them with different confidence level.