Interrogations and Confessions
When an innocent person confesses to a crime they didn't commit
What is a False confession?
The deliberate feigning or gross exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms
What is malingering?
The two types of lies
What are commision and omission
The process by which most criminal cases are decided
What is plea bargaining?
The tendency to attribute other people's behavior to dispositional causes rather than situational pressures
The fundamental attribution error
The length of time a defendant deemed incompetent may be held against their will
What is restoration to competency in the "foreseeable" future?
Two misconceptions about lying/lie detection
What is the liars stereotype, accuracy of polygraph exam, etc
The standards used to determine a verdict for civil and criminal court
The four names for removing or adding a positive or negative stimulus
What are...
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment
EXTRA POINTS: Give example of each
3 factors that contribute to competency to stand trial
What is...
IQ/intellectual disability, Age, mental illness, amnesia*, medication status
Three things that a polygraph might measure
What are signs of high arousal?
(heart rate, pupil dialiation, sweat, etc)
Three reasons why a juror may be deselected
What is...
non-english speaking, law enforcement, "undue hardship or extreme inconvenience," no-showing, challenge-for-cause, peremptory challenge
The four types of evidence used at trial
physical, testimonial, documentary, and confessions
EXTRA POINTS: give an example of each
The types of abilities/competencies needed to participate effectively in all stages of the legal process, e.i. adjunctive competence
What is foundational competence and decisional competence?
+100 points for description/definition
Two types of questioning procedure methods
What are the Relevant-Irrelevant Test, Control Question Test, Postive control test, Guilty knowlede test, polygraph?
Four variables that may influence a juror's decision
What are...
locus of control, belief in a just world, authoritarianism, race, gender, attitude towards the legal system (see PJAQ), similarity-leniency, pretrial publicity
Four interrogation techniques
What are...
Maximization, minimization, the Reid Technique, deflecting blame, reframing the issue, misleading questions, conditioning, etc
The % of defendants deemed incompetent to stand trial
What are 2% of defendants?
HALF POINTS: What is 20% of defendants?
(20% of defendants out of the 10% who are evaluated for IST are deemed incompetent)
Four problems with questioning procedure tests
What is...
Strong innocent reactions to questions, little standardization (examiner, scoring), those taking a polygraph have to believe it works, some people are not emotionally reactive, using countermeasures
Three steps in the trail procedure process
What are opening statements, direct examination, cross-examination, redirect examination, recross examination, closing argument (summation)?