Variables and Designs
This is the dependent variable in a study that examines state (Texas and Wisconsin) differences in duration (in minutes) of UFO sightings.
What is duration (in minutes) of UFO sightings?
This is the degrees of freedom for a single sample t-test with 112 participants.
What is 111?
μ
What is the population mean?
This is the hypothesis that we are interested in testing. In our study it was that the mean proportion of social attributes would be lower than (or different from) the Japanese students in the Cousins (1989) study.
What is the alternative or research hypothesis?
This is the test that we used to analyze whether the mean proportion of social attributes listed by Carthage students differed from those listed by Japanese students in the Cousins (1989) article.
What is a one sample and single sample t-test?
The researcher randomly assigns participants to one of two conditions: treatment or control. The research has chosen to use this kind of design.
What is a between-subjects experiment?
The table used to find the critical value for a z test.
What is the Unit Normal Table?
SM
What is the estimated standard error or standard error of the mean?
This hypothesis is the opposite of the alternative hypothesis.
What is the null hypothesis?
A researcher wants to know whether Carthage students spend the same number of hours per week studying as the national average. Archival data indicates the national average is 20 (+/- 5) hours a week. The researcher uses this test to compare the Carthage sample to the national average.
What is a z test?
A researcher wants to know if writing down 3 things you are grateful for every day contributes to greater happiness than writing down 3 things you wish for every day. Participants are assigned to one of these conditions and given a measurement of happiness after three weeks. This is the independent variable of the study.
What is Writing Activity: gratitude or wish?
The information you need to know to find a t critical value?
sMD
What is the estimated standard error for the difference scores or standard error for the difference?
Related samples t-test
The null hypothesis of our research project.
What is the mean proportion of social attributes listed by Carthage 2010 students will not differ (or will be equal or greater than) that of the Japanese students in the Cousins (1989) article?
A researcher wants to see whether children who see an adult model hit a Bobo clown doll display more aggressive behavior than children who observe the adult model interact with the doll in a non-aggressive way. Child participants are randomly assigned to each condition and the researcher uses this test to compare the mean number of aggressive behaviors in each group.
What is an independent samples t-test?
Culture in our study is this kind of variable?
What is quasi-independent, subject, nominal, discrete?
This is the percentile of a test score that has been converted to a z score of 0.
What is 50th percentile or 50%?
sM1-M2
What is the standard error for the difference?
Independent samples t-test
The decision the researcher makes when their result (comparing the means of two groups) indicates p = .25.
What is Retain the Null. The means are not significantly different.
The test a researcher should use if she wants to know whether students improved their understanding of statistics after taking a statistics course. A sample of stats students takes a stats test before and after the course.
What is a paired samples or related samples t-test?
This was the dependent variable in our study and how it was operationalized.
What was self-perception and we focused on the proportion of social attributes listed using the Twenty Statements Test?
This is the critical value of t for a two-tailed test for a single sample t-test with N = 20 and an alpha level of .05.
What is +/- 2.093?
s2p
What is pooled sample variance?
Used to calculate an independent samples t-test
The decision of a researcher comparing means and selecting an alpha level of .05 (one-tailed test) when the observed t-statistic has an associated p value = .025.
What is reject the null. There is a less than 5% chance that the null is correct.
A researcher uses this test to compare the association of two continuous variables.
What is correlation?