Age of Exploration
This was the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and diseases between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia
Columbian Exchange
Define: The Enlightenment
A European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
Most revolutions were started by which class of people?
The bourgeoisie, educated people with some money and power, but not necessarily the top elites. (Ex. creoles, the third estate, wealthy land owners in the 13 colonies)
Where did the majority of enslaved Africans come from?
West Africa
What allowed the Dutch, a relatively small nation, to become the largest economic powerhouse in Europe during the 1600s-1700s?
What was the Atlantic system?
Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
What was the Social Contract?
People implicitly agree to give up certain rights to be in a governed society.
Which factor led to the growing unity in groups of people which allowed nation building?
Nationalism
What caused the rise of slavery in the Americas
The production of cash crops like sugar or cotton
What is the Bessemer Process?
The first inexpensive industrial method for mass-producing steel.
What allowed the Age of Exploration to flourish?
New inventions such as the astrolabe and shipping construction like the caravel or the fluyt.
Name 3 philosophes and their ideologies
Good Job!
In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?
One was a slave revolt, the other was a revolt against the monarchy. Leaders from the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than those in the French Revolution.
Why did Europeans mostly enslave Africans instead of Native Americans?
Many natives died from plagues and diseases
What new structure allowed for many people to work on the same thing all day and mass produce items?
Factories
What are some social/cultural changes caused by the Age of Exploration? Must name at least 2.
Increase in slavery for cash crops, creation of the Castas system, the spread of Christianity in the New World (and mixing with old traditions), spread of African culture in the Caribbean, decrease of male population in Western Africa causing a change in gender roles.
Adam Smith, John Locke, and Thomas Hobbes all argued against Mercantilism, and formed the beginning of which economic theory? What benefits did they propose?
Capitalism, allowed a freedom in the market and a drive for innovation and competition. It also allowed people a chance at a better life.
Which revolution was a turning point in world history that brought us into the modern age?
The Industrial Revolution
In 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the slaves in the US. What event from the same decade is this similar to?
Tzar Nicholas abolishing serfdom in Russia
What was the cotton gin and what was its impact?
It separated seeds from cotton increasing its production. This led to a rise in slavery in the US.
What was the main event that led to the Age of Exploration?
The Ottoman's conquered the Byzantine Empire and closed the Silk Road, forcing Europeans to find a new way to Asia.
How did Enlightenment philosophies influence the American and French Revolutions?
They brought forth ideas of Natural Rights, such as freedom of speech, property, liberty etc... They also help form the ideas of democracy and self rule.
Simon Bolivar hoped to motivate which group of people to help him gain independence from the Spanish? Why?
Creole elites as they had the wealth and power to support his military actions.
Why would a trading company, such as the Dutch West India Trading Company, help African rulers fight other European nations?
To secure profits from the rapidly expanding trans-Atlantic slave trade and harm their competitors
Why was the Spinning Jenny such a revolutionary invention? Think economically and socially.
It allowed clothes to be made in factories instead of at home, creating a new form of work and new income for women in the 19th century.