DNA Replication
What is the enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication?
DNA Helicase
What is the goal of PCR?
To make copies of a particular segment of DNA
Translation
Which process of cell division leads to genetic variation?
Meiosis
What are the two forms of passive transport?
Diffusion and Osmosis
What is the organelle where translation occurs?
Ribosome
What enzyme in PCR is used to build DNA molecules?
Taq DNA Polymerase
What is the molecule that carries an amino acid to the site of translation?
tRNA
What are the 4 steps of cell division?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is the type of reaction where large molecules are broken down into smaller parts?
Catabolic Reaction
What are the names of the fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
Okazaki fragments
What allows DNA to move through the gel during ge electrophoresis?
DNA's negative charge
What is the end product of translation?
Protein
What do mitosis and meiosis both require before they begin?
DNA replication
What is the formula for Cell Respiration?
Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water
A student designs an experiment to replicate DNA in vitro. They add primers, nucleotides, Taq polymerase, and raise the temperature. Replication fails. What is missing?
DNA template
What are the organelles in the cell that contain DNA?
Nucleus, Chloroplasts (in plant cells), and Mitochondria
How does a ribosome know when to stop translation?
Stop codon
In what phase do chromosomes condense?
Prophase
What are the 4 steps of cellular respiration?
Glycolusis, Link Reaction, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What mistake happens during cell division that leads to unequal division of chromosomes in resulting cells (i.e. Down syndrome)?
One extra chromosome gets pulled into one of the cells during Anaphase
What does the thickness of a band in gel electrophoresis indicate?
The amount of a certain size fragment present in a sample
How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics target key translation molecules and knock out the ability for bacteria to make new proteins
What is crossing over?
When chromosomes exchange pieces of DNA in meiosis 1, allowing for genetic variation in the daughter cells
What are the two steps of photosynthesis?
The light dependent reaction and the Calvin Cycle (or light-independent reaction)