Cell Energy
What molecule is known as the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What process do plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis
What molecule stores genetic information in cells?
DNA
What cell structure builds proteins?
Ribosomes
What plant structure is responsible for photosynthesis?
Leaves
What organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?
The mitochondria
Where does photosynthesis occur inside plant cells?
The chloroplasts
What is the role of RNA in the cell?
RNA helps carry instructions from DNA to make proteins
What is a codon?
A three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid
What is the function of roots?
They absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plant
Which process uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP?
Cellular respiration
hat gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
What process copies DNA into mRNA?
Transcription
What are the two main steps of protein synthesis, and what happens in each step?
Transcription: DNA is used to make mRNA in the nucleus
Translation: the ribosome reads mRNA and brings amino acids together to form a protein.
What are the four main types of plant tissue?
Plant tissues include dermal (protects the plant), vascular (moves water, nutrients, and food), ground (makes food, stores materials, and supports the plant), and meristematic (helps the plant grow by making new cells).
What is the role of mitochondria in energy production?
They break down glucose to produce ATP
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
The products of one are the reactants of the other
How is RNA different from DNA?
RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine
How can a mutation in DNA affect a protein?
It can change the amino acid sequence or stop protein production
How do stomata help maintain homeostasis in plants?
They regulate gas exchange and water loss
Why do cells need a constant supply of ATP?
ATP provides energy for cellular processes like growth, repair, and transport
Explain how energy flows through an ecosystem starting with the Sun.
Energy from the Sun is captured by plants through photosynthesis and then passed through food chains
Why must DNA stay in the nucleus while RNA can leave?
DNA is protected in the nucleus, while RNA carries instructions to the ribosome
Predict what could happen if protein synthesis did not occur correctly.
The cell could malfunction or die because proteins are needed for structure and function
Explain how the structure of leaves helps plants maximize photosynthesis.
Leaves have a large surface area and many chloroplasts to capture sunlight