Central Dogma
What molecule carries the instructions for making proteins?
What is DNA?
What is the purpose of mitosis?
What is to create identical diploid daughter cells?
What type of cells does meiosis produce?
What are gametes?
Variation in traits comes from different versions of genes. What are these versions called?
What are alleles?
What is gene expression?
What is the process of turning a gene “on” to make a protein?
What process copies DNA into mRNA?
What is Transcription?
True or False: Daughter cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell?
What is True?
How many daughter cells are made at the end of meiosis?
What is four?
What is crossing over?
What is the exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I?
Give an example of a factor that can regulate gene expression.
What is temperature, hormones, or transcription factors?
Where does translation occur in the cell?
What is the ribosome?
Which phase of mitosis separates sister chromatids?
What is anaphase?
Describe the chromosome number of gametes compared to the parent cell.
What is haploid (half the number)?
How does random fertilization increase variation?
What is any sperm can fertilize any egg?
Name one cause of mutations.
What is replication errors OR environmental factors like UV radiation?
What type of molecule performs most essential functions of life (enzymes, hormones, transport)?
What are proteins?
Why is DNA replicated before mitosis?
What is so each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material?
Name one event in meiosis that increases genetic variation.
What is crossing over? or Independent assortment
What causes new combinations of alleles during meiosis besides crossing over?
What is independent assortment of chromosomes?
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
What is false?
Describe how the sequence of DNA determines the structure of a protein.
What is “the order of nucleotides in DNA determines the order of amino acids, which folds into a protein”?
Give one piece of evidence that mitosis produces genetically identical cells.
No mixing of chromosomes
Explain why meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction.
What is “to reduce chromosome number so fertilization restores diploid number”?
Why does meiosis create more genetic variation than mitosis?
What is “meiosis shuffles chromosomes, crosses over, and reduces chromosome number”?
How can mutations contribute to evolution over time?
What is because they create new traits in a population?