Earth-Moon-Sun
Sonali's class is learning about the Moon and its gravity. Which Earth feature occurs because of the Moon's gravity? (8.E.5.9)
Tides
Which of the factors listed has an influence on gravity? (8.E.5.7)
Mass
Which layer of the Sun is characterized by hot gases rising toward the surface and cooler gases sinking back down, helping to transfer energy? (8.E.5.6)
Convection zone
Marlee uses a telescope to observe a red star. What does its color tell her about the star? (8.E.5.5)
the star’s temperature
Which statement best describes a scientific hypothesis?
A hypothesis can lead to further investigations even if not supported.
Nancy observes the Moon from the same location outside each night for one week. She notices that when it first appears each night, the Moon is a little farther east than it was the night before. Which of the following is one explanation for her observation? (8.E.5.9)
The Moon revolves around Earth as Earth revolves around the Sun.
The planet Saturn takes 10,747 Earth days to complete one orbit around the Sun. Why does Saturn take longer to complete one orbit around the Sun than Earth does? (8.E.5.7)
Saturn is farther from the Sun.
An astronomer observes a sunspot. Which of the following describes this feature of the Sun? (8.E.5.6)
a location that is cooler than the other parts of the Sun's surface
Two stars are the same distance from you. Star A seems much brighter than Star B. You are measuring the brightness of these two stars using _______________. (8.E.5.5)
Apparent magnitude
Which statement best describes the number of stars in a single galaxy? (8.E.5.2)
Each galaxy contains billions of stars.
The gravitational pull of the Moon has the greatest influence on the water levels of the Earth’s ocean tides. If the distance between the Moon and Earth were to decrease steadily for one week, which water-level changes would be expected to occur? (8.E.5.9)
High tides would get higher and low tides would get lower
On which of the following planets would a person weigh the least? Why? (8.E.5.7)
Mars
What is the main difference between a solar prominence and a solar flare? (8.E.5.6)
A solar prominence is a cooler, looping stream of gas; a solar flare is a sudden burst of energy.
Eduardo looks at stars through his telescope. He says that the star Sirius is brighter than the star Rigel. In reality, Rigel has a greater absolute brightness than Sirius. What can explain Eduardo’s observation? (8.E.5.5)
Sirius is much closer to Earth than Rigel.
Which of the following is the best description of a galaxy? (8.E.5.2)
A large collection of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity
Ping’s class is studying the Sun/Moon/Earth system. He studies a diagram of the Sun, Moon, and Earth in that order. What event would occur when the Moon is casting a shadow on the Earth?
Solar Eclipse
Which unit would best be used to represent the distance between Mercury and Neptune? (8.E.5.1)
AU
Which description correctly identifies the differences between the heliocentric and geocentric models of the solar system? (8.E.5.8)
The heliocentric model places the Sun at the center of the solar system and was supported by Copernicus, while the geocentric model places Earth at the center and was supported by Ptolemy.
Which comparison of electromagnetic waves is accurate and correctly identifies one of their practical uses? (8.E.5.11)
Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies; they are used to detect high-energy events in space like supernovas.
Which of the following correctly lists the order of objects in space from largest to smallest? (8.E.5.3)
Universe, Milky Way, Solar System, Earth
When the Earth, Moon, and Sun form a right angle, which Moon phase occurs?
First Quarter or Third Quarter
There are several factors that affect the force of gravity between two objects. Which of the following accurately identifies and explains the pair of objects that would have the largest gravitational force between them? (8.E.5.7)
The largest gravitational force would be between the Earth and Moon because of their size and proximity.
Which observation provided strong evidence that led scientists to support the heliocentric model over the geocentric model of the solar system? (8.E.5.8)
Telescopic observations showed that Venus goes through phases, which can only be explained if Venus orbits the Sun
On an H–R diagram, stars are classified based on their temperature and brightness. Which of the following correctly describes the location of a star on the diagram?
A cool, dim star would be found in the lower right.
Which statement best explains how scientific models change over time?
Scientific models are revised when new evidence is discovered