3.9 The Judicial Branch
This is the power of the court to strike down any laws or actions that violate the Constitution
Judicial Review
Constitutional law
Citizens get summoned to perform this important obligation of citizenship where you get to decide if somebody is innocent or guilty of a crime
Jury Duty
The 4th Amendment protects you from
unlawful searches and seizures
This Amendment lowered the voting age to 18
26th
The Bill of Rights
Created the now famous Miranda Warning
Miranda v Arizoia
This Supreme Court case held ALL public officials accountable to the law
US v Nixon
What are the differences between the state and federal court system?
Federal: Anything involving the constitutionality of a law, final appellate court, cases involving ambassadors etc
This ancient code of laws set harsh punishments
Bonus 100 if you can connected it ancient influences
Code of Hammurabi and Judeo-Christianity
It ensures citizens fulfill their obligation while protecting due process through a fair and impartial jury.
voir dire
This amendment gave women the right to vote
19th
Intentionally claiming a restaurant has poison in their food without proof or writing untrue things about a candidate for office are examples of
Libel law(slander)
Ruled that enslaved persons were not citizens
Dred Scott v Sanford
Created Judicial Review
Marbury v Madison and the right of the Supreme Court to review federal laws and actions to determine if they violate the Constitution.
How do you get on the Supreme Court?
You need BOTH steps
Bonus 100 if you know how many justices there are
President nominates Senate Confirms
9
State laws are called...
Local laws are called
Acts
Statues
Ordinances
This type of jury decides a defendant's guilt or innocence
Petit Jury
1. Right to a lawyer
2. Right to a speedy trial
3. Right to call and confront witnesses
4. Right to a public Trail
5. Impartial Jury
6. Notice(you have the right to know why you are in court)
These 3 Amendments ended slavery, defined citizenship, equal protection, set the voting age as 21, and protected Black male suffrage. Bonus 100 if you know the historical name for the 3
13, 14, and 15(Reconstruction Amendments)
Yelling Fire in a movie theater is an example of
Clear and present danger
Limited Free Speech in schools
Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier
Created "Separate but equal"
Plessy v Ferguson
This type of court reviews civil and criminal cases for errors, bonus 100 if you can tell me how many judges review the case
Appellate and 3
You bought a candy bar made by your favorite influencer, but the candy bar gets you sick. You sue the influencer for unsafe food, which type of court should you sue them in?
Civil
This type of jury decides if enough evidence exists to charge somebody with a crime
Grand Jury
1. Due Process
2. No double jeopardy(can't be tried twice for the same case)
3. Your right against self incrimination
4. Eminent Domain
5. Grand Jury indictment for a crime
This amendment banned the poll tax...AND what was the poll tax?
The poll tax was a mandatory fee that every person in the South had to pay, though the goal was to prevent Black people from voting.
What are the 3 protections of your rights and define them?
Ex Post Facto no punishing somebody for something they did BEFORE a law was passed
Bill of Attainder no laws against individuals or states
Habeaus Corpus gov must prove to a judge why you are in jail
Created juvenile justice rights
In Re Gault
Said that your right to a lawyer cannot be limited by how much money you have...states must provide them
Gideon V Wainwright
If you fill out a....the court may hear your case....Gideon did this!
Writ of certiorari
What are the four types of law and the 4 sources of law?
Types: Military, Juvenile, Criminal, Civil
What is the standard of proof in a criminal vs civil court?
Criminal=jury has to believe guilty beyond a reasonable doubt
Civil=more likely than not(in other words each side has an equal burden of proof)
List the 5 freedoms protected by the first amendment
1. Freedom of religion
2. Freedom of the press
3. Freedom of assembly(protest)
4. Freedom of speech
5. Freedom to petition
These 3 acts banned segregation in public places, banned the literacy test and other discriminatory voting practices, and banned discrimination in housing.
Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Fair Housing Act
The Supreme Court created this test to set limits on your rights
The Balancing Test
Ended Segregation in schools AND You MUST know who the lead attorney for the NAACP was Bonus 100 if you can tell me how he got appointed the Supreme Court(the nomination and confirmation process)
Bonus 100 if you know the year of his appointment(Hint it happened AFTER segregation was over)
Brown v Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall
President nominates Senate Confirms
1967
Name and define ALL 5 civic principles
Bonus 100 points for EACH connection you can make to a principle and to a civics topic that we have covered
Natural Rights
Equality of mankind
Rule of Law
Due Process
Limited Government