Describing Biodiversity
This formula is used to calculate Diversity in ecosystems
Simpsons Diversity Index
Approximately how much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?
10%
Identify the complementary DNA strand
TAG
ATC
Name the 3 modes of speciation
Allopatirc
Sympatric
Parpatric
what type of acids are DNA and RNA?
nucleic acids
This species is characterized by having only a few offspring but investing high amounts of parental care
K- Selected Species
Define Keystone Species
A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large impact on the environment relative to its abundance
What process results in the production of four diploid cells?
Meiosis
What does stabilising selection select for?
Moderate traits in a population
Explain what sampling bias is and describe one method that could be used to reduce sampling bias in a biological investigation.
Sampling bias occurs when the sample collected is not representative of the population being studied due to favouriting of certain individuals, species, or areas over others, which can lead to inaccurate or misleading results. Methods to reduce:
Random-number generators: Size and number of samples Counting criteria: Calibrating equipment and noting associated precision:
What is the 8 levels to the Linnean system of classification?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Define carrying capacity
The maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available
What is the purpose of PCR
To amplify specific DNA strands
Define evolutionary radiation and mass extinction
Evolutionary radiation is the rapid diversification of one ancestral species into many different species, often as they adapt to different environments or available ecological niches.
A mass extinction is a period when a large proportion of species on Earth become extinct in a relatively short period of geological time.
Write the formula for the capture-mark-recapture
N=Mxn
divided by
m
N= total population
M= number of individuals caught & marked released initally
n= number of individuals caught on second sampling
m= number of individuals recaptured that were marked
One species is gaining an advantage while the other species is being harmed.
Identify the species interaction being described.
Parasitism
Explain how carrying capacity is limited by food availability
There may not be enough food for the whole population, causing some organisms to die off, therefore changing the carrying capacity of the population.
What is the role of Helicase in DNA replication
To unzip the DNA strand by breaking hydrogen bonds
A population of birds was observed to have individuals with very short and very long wings, with very few birds observed with medium sized wings
What type of selection is shown here?
Disruptive selection
Algae >tadpole>tortoise>heron. The amount of the original solar energy originally stored by the algae that actually reaches the heron would be closest to
a.) 25%
b.) 10%
c.) 1%
d.) 0.1%
d.) 0.1%
What is the difference between a realised niche and a fundamental niche?
Realised niche- represents the actual use of resources used by a species.
Fundamental niche-The widest potential niche that a species could ideally occupy without competitors or predators (theoretical potential use of resources for a particular species)
Explain primary and secondary succession
In primary succession, newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time. In secondary succession, an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonized following the disturbance
Down syndrome is caused by Trisomy 21.
Explain the term Trisomy 21
Name the 4 principles of natural selection
1.) Individuals within population show variation
2.) Variation are caused by mutations in alleles that are inheritable
3.) there is struggle for existence and only some species can reproduce
4.) some are suited to the environment and are able to survive and reproduce, passing on their trait
Which exam are you going to study really hard for?
Biology