Brain structure & function
This brain structure is responsible for coordinated movement and balance.
What is the cerebellum?
These tiny gaps between neurons allow messages to be passed chemically.
What are synapses?
Patel & Demorest found that people were best at recognising melodies from this culture.
What is their own culture?
This study compared asylum seekers from this world region to Western European participants on object recognition tasks.
Who are participants from Sub‑Saharan Africa?
This variable is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
This lobe of the cerebral cortex is heavily involved in planning, decision‑making, and voluntary movement.
What is the frontal lobe?
This term describes the electrical signal that travels down the axon.
What is an action potential?
This term describes a cognitive bias where one's cultural experiences influence perception.
What is cultural enculturation?
African participants performed worse than Europeans on tasks involving transformations between these two types of spatial representations.
What are 2‑D and 3‑D representations?
The extent to which results can be applied to real‑world settings is called this.
What is ecological validity?
A person with damage to this area may understand speech but struggle to produce fluent language.
What is Broca’s area?
Serotonin and dopamine are examples of these chemical messengers.
What are neurotransmitters?
The study used two types of tasks: recognition and this one, which required identifying whether melodies were structurally altered.
What is the discrimination task?
Both cultural groups performed equally well when the object recognition task required transforming objects in this direction.
What is from three‑dimensional (3‑D) to two‑dimensional (2‑D)?
A study that can be repeated with the same results is described using this term.
What is reliability?
This nervous system division controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
This term describes the tiny electrical charge needed to trigger an action potential when a neuron's membrane reaches a critical level.
→ What is the threshold?
Participants performed significantly better when identifying melodies consistent with this musical feature of their own culture.
What are culturally familiar tonal patterns?
African participants were significantly more likely than European participants to answer “yes” on recognition tests, displaying this response style.
What is an acquiescence response style?
Random allocation is used to reduce this threat to internal validity.
What are participant variables?
This hemisphere is typically dominant for language functions in right‑handed individuals.
What is the left hemisphere?
This insulating material increases the speed of neural transmission.
What is the myelin sheath?
The main conclusion of Patel & Demorest (2013): enculturation affects this aspect of cognition.
What is music perception?
The researchers concluded that cultural differences in object recognition should be considered by these legal decision‑makers when evaluating memory evidence.
Who are judges, juries, and immigration officials?
This type of validity refers to how well the operationalised variables truly measure the psychological construct they are intended to represent.
What is construct validity?