Homeostasis 1
The two types of feedback in response to changes in the human body are....
Positive and negative
What are the three different types of neurons?
Motor, sensory and interneurons
Organisms that maintain internal body temperature
Endotherm
Herd immunity means
a large portion of the population becomes vaccinated against a pathogen.
________ is a devastating human disease caused by protists from the Plasmodium genus
Malaria - Vector-borne
Mechanoreceptors respond to
Touch, pressure, vibration
Cells decrease number of receptors when exposed to high levels of a molecule like a hormone or neurotransmitter.
Down regulation
B lymphocytes mount an attack on a pathogen by creating antibodies
Humeral Response
List 6 types of pathogens?
Prions, Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi, Protists, Parasites
list 3 ways of disease transmission
direct contact, contact with bodily fluid, contaminated food and water, vectors
If my body temperature increases, what will my body do to correct this....
Blood vessels vasodilate / warm, red skin / sweat / trying to expel heat and decrease temperature.
Nerve impulse (signal) being transmitted across the axon.
Action potential
How many teeth does an adult human have?
32
Any substance that triggers an immune response is called an
Antigen
Plants have physical barriers that prevent pathogens from attacking living cells including (list 2)
Cell walls, Thick waxy cuticles, Thick layers of bark, The ability to close stomata, Vertical positioning of leaves, Hairs and thorns
What is the process of neurotransmitters to be reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron?
Re uptake
The process of an organism slowing the metabolism in response to hot dry conditions to reduce energy and water loss.
Aestivation
Organise the steps of triggering action potential/nerve impulse
- Hyperpolarisation
- Depolarisation
- Resting potential
- Repolarisation
- Threshold potential
- Resting Potential
1. Resting potential
2. Threshold potential
3. Depolarisation
4. Repolarisation
5. Hyperpolarisation
6. Resting Potential
list 4 ways to control spread of disease
Quarantine, contact tracing, temp screening, travel restrictions, lockdowns, closures
Skin, mucous membranes and cilia are all part of the
first line of defense
What is the hormone that regulates osmoregulation of some organisms and what does an increase in it result in?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), reduces water loss and increases urine concentration.
Explain depolarisation
When a nerve is stimulated and the stimulus reaches the threshold potential (-55mV) it triggers the axon membrane to allow Na+ to move inside triggering action potential.
difference between B and T cells
B-cells produce antibodies that fight off infection.
T-cells recognize and kill cells infected with a virus which can stop the infection from spreading.
Whats the innate immune response?
First and second line of defence (non-specific defences)