Dynasty
What is a dynasty?
A series of rulers from the same family or lineage that controls a country or region for a long period of time
What was the capital city of the Qing Dynasty?
Beijing
Which project is the Ming Dynasty famous for rebuilding?
The Great Wall of China
Who founded Confucianism?
Confucius
What does the Mandate of Heaven justify?
The right of the emperor to rule
Which dynasty ruled China from 1368 to 1644?
The Ming Dynasty
Name one cultural achievement of the Qing Dynasty.
The development of Chinese painting and literature
What was the main focus of trade during the Ming Dynasty?
The expansion of maritime trade and the establishment of trade routes
What are the main teachings of Confucianism?
Morality, social relationships, and justice
How can an emperor lose the Mandate of Heaven?
Through poor governance, corruption, or failure to maintain order
What is the significance of the term "Mandate of Heaven"?
It is a concept that grants emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly, believed to be supported by divine approval
What was the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and foreign powers?
The Qing Dynasty practiced isolationism, limiting foreign influence.
How did the Ming Dynasty restore Chinese culture?
By promoting Confucian values and arts after the Mongol rule
How did Confucianism influence the government during the Ming and Qing dynasties?
It emphasized moral governance and the importance of education
What historical event is often cited as a loss of the Mandate of Heaven?
: Natural disasters or famines leading to rebellion
Which dynasty is known for its expansion and cultural achievements, ruling from 1644 to 1912?
The Qing Dynasty
What was one major event that led to the decline of the Qing Dynasty?
The Opium Wars
What was one significant exploration during the Ming Dynasty?
The voyages of Zheng He.
What role did Confucianism play in the civil service examinations?
Confucian texts were the basis for the examinations for government positions
What happens when a new dynasty claims the Mandate of Heaven?
It is believed that they have divine approval to rule
Name one major reason why dynasties fall and new ones rise in China
Changes in the ability to govern effectively, loss of the Mandate of Heaven, or social unrest.
Describe the social structure of the Qing Dynasty
The social structure was hierarchical, with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, scholars, peasants, artisans, and merchants
What was the primary agricultural product that boosted the Ming economy?
Rice
Describe how Confucianism affected social relationships in Chinese society
It promoted respect for elders, loyalty to family, and hierarchical social roles
How did the concept of the Mandate of Heaven influence the perception of rulers in China?
It held rulers accountable to their subjects, linking their legitimacy to their ability to govern effectively