Epistemological
Paradigms
Paradigms
This paradigm places an emphasis on objective, observable facts
Positivism
This theory investigates gender inequalities and the lived experiences from feminist perspectives
Feminist Theory
The researcher is immersed in the day-to-day activities of the participants.
Participant Observation
The idea that there is no universal standard for measuring cultures, and that cultural values and beliefs should be understood within their own cultural context
Cultural Relativism
A term that means a research participant must be fully informed about the research and give their approval voluntarily
Informed Consent
Knowledge is co-constructed by researchers and participants
Constructivism
No, it's not a Chappell Roan song- it's a theory that explores lived experiences and subjective meaning-making
Phenomenology
Research method that interprets human experiences and motivations by analyzing the stories people tell
Narrative analysis
This type of reasoning begins with a theory, supports it with observation and eventually arrives at a confirmation
Deductive reasoning
In this study, infants were placed in a room with their caregiver, a stranger, or alone to observe their reactions to separation and reunion.
Strange Situation
Paradigm that uses a subjective understanding and the interpretation of meaning
Interpretivism
Hey, I like the sticker on your laptop. I also like to attach meanings to social interactions.
Symbolic Interactionism
A list of questions aimed for extracting specific data from a particular group of people. May be conducted by phone, mail, via the internet, and also in person in public spaces.
Surveys
This type of writing tell us what the difference is between a blink and a wink.
Thick Description
In this ontological perspective, the social world exists regardless of human actions or thoughts. You could say we all live in the same hotel.
Realism
You can see this paradigm at play in both feminist research and critical race theory
Critical Theory
We love a basic theory that is grounded in systematic data collection and analysis.
Grounded Theory
A group interview involving a small number of demographically predefined participants
Focus Group
A method of reasoning in which specific observations or examples are used to develop broader generalizations or theories
Inductive Reasoning
He was the author of "The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces"
William H. Whyte
This paradigm challenges grand narratives, objectivity, and fixed meanings. You might see a lot of it these days.
Postmodernism/Poststructuralism
This theory looks at how humans change over time, from infancy to adulthood.
Developmental theory
A research method that involves watching and recording behavior in its natural setting
Observation
A characteristic that can be measured and takes on different values, like height or age
Variable
The perspective that the world is constructed through shared beliefs, language, and cultural context.
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM