Types of Research
What is holistic analysis?
"Examination of the entire case, the whole, rather than individual parts"
What is triangulation?
Triangulation is "the process of confirming data by using multiple data-gathering procedures, multiple sources of data, or multiple observers"
What is the research question in the O'Neill article? (Hint: it's not phrased as a question!)
"whether stressed human capacity described by family members of various generations affected by traumatic events may be understood more holistically through exploring the intergenerational and historical effects of Complex Trauma"
What is one method to remove researcher bias? Name and describe it
Reflexivity, "A qualitative researchers' use of self-reflection to recognize and actively search for their own biases" or Negative Case Sampling, "A selection of units that are examples of exceptions to expectations"
What is unique about Grounded Theory?
It seeks to build its understanding of a phenomenon on the data itself, not other researchers' work or previous theory.
What is one strategy to increase the 'referential adequacy' of a qualitative experiment?
Possible answers: Member checks or low-inference descriptor.
What type of qualitative research is the Kerrigan article "Qualitative Approaches to Policy Research in Education: Contesting the Evidence-Based, Neoliberal Regime"?
Content analysis or case study
When have you heard of an event told from a ‘realist ethnographic’ perspective?
Answers vary, focus is on a third-person objective perspective.
What are three types of qualitative research approaches?
Any three: "arts-based", "narrative", "basic qualitative/interpretive", "indigenous", "case study", "content analysis", "phenomenological", "ethnographic", "historical", "grounded theory"
What are three ethical considerations in qualitative research?
1. The type of information obtained
2. The researcher's relationship to the participant
3. Maintaining confidentiality in the results
4. Whether the results can be replicated
What did Madison, the 6-year-old in the Dobner study, do that really surprised the researcher?
She imitated Dobner, began questioning her, and asked her what 'research' is.
For your experiment, you choose to examine relationship dynamics between teachers at a small, private school. When you go to write up your research, you find it almost impossible to disguise what school you conducted your study in.
What ethical issue have you run into, and how do you fix it?
Confidentiality; answers vary
When might you use a case study?
When you want to examining a particular occurrence, group or individual in-depth within a set of boundaries.
What is an example of extended fieldwork in education?
Answers vary, should be "an investigation carried out over a prolonged period of time in the field?
What is one way Dobner recommended to redefine the adult-child power relationship when conducting research?
Meeting in spaces that redefine the power dynamic or following children's activity leads.
Based on Dobner's article, how could you reshape the adult-child power relationship in your classroom?
Answers vary
What are some disadvantages of using an Ethnographic research study?
Potential cultural bias, takes a long time, requires a lot of material
What ethical issues might you run into when running a qualitative experiment on your classroom students?
Answers vary, possible answers:
Reciprocation - can my results be repeated?
Researcher's relationship - am I biasing my students?
Information obtained - what am I testing for?
Confidentiality - how am I keeping my students anonymous?
What are five symptoms of trauma that O'Niell's article says that Second Generation trauma victims might exhibit?
"Clinical studies ... indicate characteristics of enmeshed dependency, difficulties with emotional expression, conflict in basic relationships, and high levels of guilt, frustration, and anger"
"increased vulnerability to psychological distress including symptoms of PTSD or Complex trauma, problems in separation, individuation, and overachievement"
How could you apply O'Niell's article on Complex Trauma to your classroom practice?
Answers vary