Quantitative methods
Research design and controls
Sampling methods
Ethical considerations
Evaluating Studies
100

What are three types of experiments?

True (lab), field, quasi, natural

100

What is any variable other than the IV that might affect the DV.

Extraneous variable

100
What are three sampling methods?
Random, opportunity, self-selected, purposive, snowball, (there are others, too)
100
What are three ethical considerations (or guidelines)?
-Informed consent, Right to withdraw, Debriefing, Anonymity, Considerations about deception, Justification (for any possible negative effects), Researcher integrity, Getting approval by a review board


100

What is another term for "external validity?"

Generalisability

200

What is the research method that has covariables?

Correlations

200

When the order in which participants experience conditions in a repeated measures design influences the results.

Order effect

200
What is the key difference between a self-selected sample and volunter or random sampling?
Self-selected sampling involves the participant approaching the researchers to ask to participate - the other two involve the researcher approaching participants.
200
True or False? Participants should ALWAYS be given informed consent forms before participating in a study.
False. It might be impossible in field experiments, so where possible they should have debriefing and consent forms AFTER the study.
200

What is generalisability?

The extent to which we can apply our findings to other contexts (e.g. people, places, situations, etc.)

300

What is the general term for the method that investigates the effect of an IV on a DV.

Experiment

300

What is an inevitable limitation of independent groups design?

Participant variability

300

What is the term used to describe the group of people for whom we want to generalise our results to? (Or whom we think we can generalise our results to?)

Target population

300
True or False: Psychologists are allowed to leave out data from studies if it contradicts their hypothesis.
False. All data should be included and fabricated or manipulating results is considered highly unethical since it stands in the way of discovering "truth."
300
What are two types of validity that are relevant to assessing external validity? (Hint: they're to do with environment of the study and the participants involved).
Population validity and ecological validity.
400

True or false: fMRI and MRI are considered research methods in IB Psychology.

False. They are "techniques." DO NOT write about these in any question about research methods.

400

Define counterbalancing as it used in experiments using repeated measures design?

A control for order effects that involves randomising the order in which participants experience conditions of an experiment (e.g. half do A then B, and the other half B then A).

400

What is one strength and one limitation of random sampling?

Strength: increased chances of a representative sample

Limitation: can be difficult, time consuming and impractical

400
True or False: Ethics in the options are completely different considerations to ethics in the core.
False - the same considerations apply in both options and the core, and where possible you should find overlaps.
400
What type of validity is focused on the extent to which the results of the study are because of the manipulation of the independent variable?
Internal validity
500

What is the name of the numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. 

Correlation coefficient

500

What is the difference between single blind and double blind methods?

Single blind is when the participant doesn’t know which condition of the experiment they are experiencing whilst double blind is when the neither the researcher or the participant know which condition of the experiment they’re experiencing.

500
What is it called when we have a high probability that our sample accurately represents our target population?
Representative sampling
500

What are the two possible ethics questions on Paper 3?

(a) Describe the ethical considerations that were applied in the study and explain if further ethical considerations could be applied.

(b) Describe the ethical considerations in reporting the results end explain additional ethical considerations that could be taken into account when applying the findings of the study.

500

What is the term that describes the extent to which the study actually measures what it intends to measure? (i.e. how accurately psychological phenomena are being manipulated and/or measured in the study).

This is "construct validity." (See pg. 347 of the textbook). It's similar to internal validity. 

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