Chapter 4
An educated guess that states the nature of the relationship between variables
What is an hypothesis
This means consistency
What is reliability?
The process that links the conceptual to the empirical
What is measurement?
Identifies exact difference between and among scores, and acknowledges zero
What is interval data?
Also called random sampling
What is probability sampling?
A precise statement indicating the nature and direction of the relationship or difference between variables
What is a directional hypothesis
This is related to TRUTH
What is validity?
This allows for comparisons between variables, studies, and measures
What is measurement?
The two types of scales to use to collect interval data
What are Likert and Semantic Differential Scales?
This type of sampling does not rely on any form of random selection
What is non probability sampling?
Properties or characteristics of people or things that vary in quality or magnitude
What is a variable?
Chronbach's Alpha
What is a measure of internal reliability that helps to ensure that the questions are all measuring the same concept (variable)
Two levels of measurement
What are discrete and continuous?
Type of data collection that has an absolute zero; if score is zero, there is a lack of this variable, so it is used to see if something actually exists
Asking participants to find other participants for you
What is snowball sampling?
The variable that is manipulated
What is an independent variable?
.70
What is the acceptable measure to use in communication research?
Must be mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and equivalent (equal)
What are discrete data?
This kind of data collection ranks elements in logical order from high to low or low to high
What is ordinal data?
When researchers use their students as the sample
What is convenience sampling?
This is the primary interest of the study that is influenced or changed by the independent variable
What is the dependent variable?
This is achieved when the measurement measured what was intended.
What is validity?
This reveals quantity, intensity, or magnitude
What are continuous data?
This type of data is used to collect demographic data, and is sometimes referred to as nominal
What is discrete data?
Everyone has an equal chance of being selected because you have a complete list of the population and each person is assigned a number that is chosen randomly.
What is simple random sampling?