Quantum Model
The electron's energy and its average distance from the from the nucleus increases as ___ increases
What is n?
Proposed the quantum mechanical model of the atom, which treats electrons as matter waves.
Who is Erwin Schrödinger?
A single orbital can hold a maximum of ________, and each must have opposite spin.
What is two electrons?
An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it. Starting with the third main energy level (n=3), sub-levels begin to overlap.
What is the Aufbau Principle?
The main energy level occupied by the electron
What is The Principal Quantum Number?
Represents the probability of finding an electron in a given region within the atom.
the Square of the Wave Function?
Max Planck and Niels Bohr are renowned scientists
Who is the founding fathers of Quantum Theory?
The amount of orbitals in 4p.
What is 3 orbitals?
Electrons orbit around _____
What is the nucleus?
Describes the general shape or region an electron occupies—its orbital shape.
What is the Angular Momentum Quantum Number?
The direction of the arrow in an electron configuration indicates faces down therefore meaning...
What is the electron's spin state?
First performed the gold foil experiment
Who is Ernest Rutherford?
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum number. Thus electron pairs in orbitals must be of opposite spins.
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
3 mutually perpendicular dumbbell shaped orbitals; second to fill from 2nd energy level on up; can hold max of 6 electrons.
What is P orbitals?
The maximum number of electrons that can be found in an energy level
What is 2n2?
States that we can't know both the energy and position of an electron. Therefore, as we learn more about the electron's position, we know less about its energy, and vice versa.
What is the Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle?
iscovered the quantum of action, now known as _______ constant, h, in 1900.
Who is Max Planck?
he region within an atom that encloses where the electron is likely to be 90% of the time.
What is an Atomic Orbital?
Every orbital in a sub-level is singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied. All of the electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin (to maximize total spin).
What is Hund's Rule?
Describes the orbital orientation in space.
What is the Magnetic Quantum Number?
the wave properties of e- and other particle *e-don't travel in neat orbits *electrons exist in orbitals
What is Quantum Theory?
Described light as quanta in his theory of the Photoelectric Effect, for which he won the 1921 Nobel Prize.
Who is Albert Einstein?
The type of sublevel in principle energy level n=4
What is 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f?
The electrons in the outermost principle energy level
What are valence electrons?
The amount of electrons that inhabit all of the n=4 orbitals
What is 32 electrons?