Scientists
Who discovered the electron?
Joseph John Thomson (1897)
What is the term for the region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found?
Orbital.
What principle states that electrons fill orbitals starting with the lowest energy level before moving to higher ones?
Aufbau Principle.
How many orbitals are present in a p subshell?
3.
According to the quantum model, what is the term for the specific energy levels that electrons can occupy within an atom?
Energy shells or energy levels
Who is the scientist that asked "what if matter (electrons) had wave like properties?"
Louis De Broglie (1927)
What are all the notation for the subshell numbers 0, and 3?
0=s, 3=f
According to which principle does each orbital in a subshell get one electron before any orbital gets a second electron, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin?
Hund's Rule.
What is the shape of an s orbital?
Spherical.
What is the name of the principle in quantum mechanics that states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
Pauli Exclusion Principle.
Give 2 of Daltons (1809) statements on atoms.
1. Matter consists of tiny atoms
2. Atoms are indestructible
3. All atoms of one element are identical
4. Atoms of different elements differ in mass and properties
5. Atoms combine in whole number ratios
What does the term "electron probability density" represent in the context of quantum numbers?
The chance of finding an electron in a given space, also known as an orbital.
What are the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the s, p, d, and f orbitals, respectively?
s = 2, p = 6, d = 10, f = 14.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single orbital?
2.
Who was the first to propose a quantized atomic model, with electrons moving in specific orbits around the nucleus?
Niels Bohr.
What is Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?
Due to wave nature of matter, it is impossible to predict both the position AND momentum of an e- with certainty.
Why does the act of measuring a particle's position affect its momentum?
Because to measure a subatomic particle, we must interact with it, which alters its momentum, making it impossible to precisely measure both its position and momentum simultaneously.
What does the condensed electron configuration for calcium (atomic number 20) look like?
[Ar] 4s^2.
How many orbitals are present in the f subshell, and what is the maximum number of electrons it can hold?
Seven orbitals and it can hold a maximum of fourteen electrons.
According to the quantum model, what is the term for the phenomenon where a particle exhibits both wave-like and particle-like behavior?
Wave-particle duality.
Who proposed a model of the atom in 1913 that suggested electrons can only occupy specific energy levels and can transition between these levels by emitting or absorbing energy, for quantum theory?
Niels Bohr (1913)
Why is it impossible for our current technology to exactly observe the location of an electron?
Electrons are too small and move too fast, making it impossible to simultaneously know their exact position and speed.
How do you adjust the electron count for anions, and how do you adjust for cations?
Anions: add extra electrons following the rules
Cations: draw the neutral atom and subtract the required number of electrons starting at the highest orbital and working down.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy an orbital with the quantum numbers n=3 and l=2?
The maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2(2l + 1), so for n=3 and l=2, there can be a maximum of 10 electrons.
What is the term for when an electron is described by a probability distribution rather than having a defined path within an atom?
Electron cloud or electron probability density.