Ancient Greece
What city state was known for its strong army, militaristic society, and raising boys to be soldiers from a young age
Sparta
Who was the man who became sole ruler of Rome but was later assassinated by former friends
Julius Caesar
What was the period of peace and prosperity following the rise of the first emperor
Pax Romana
Who ended the Western Roman Empire by overthrowing the last emperor in 476 CE
Odoacer
Name two military causes for the fall of Rome
What is government ruled by a small group of the wealthiest people
Oligarchy
What was the lower class of Roman society who made up most of the population and voted in assemblies.
Plebians
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
Augustus
Who are one of the emperors who brought stability back to Rome after the Crisis of the Third Century
Aurelian and Diocletian
Name two economic causes for the fall of Rome
What is government ruled by the people
Democracy
What was the upper class in Roman society that could serve in the Senate
Patricians
Which emperor moved the capital of the Roman Empire to what is now Istanbul
Constantine
What was the name of the problematic strategy of distracting the population of Rome from their problems rather than actually fixing them.
Bread and Circuses
Name two political causes for the fall of Rome
What was the series of wars where Athens and Sparta fought each other and left Greece vulnerable to invasion
The Peloponnesian war
Who was the famous general who crossed the Alps with an army of elephants to fight Rome in the Second Punic War
Hannibal
What was the Roman city that was covered in ash from a volcano, which preserved it until today
Pompeii
The Eastern Roman Empire survived almost 1000 years longer than the Western Empire. Who finally conquered Constantinople and ended the Roman Empire?
The Ottoman Empire
Name two social causes for the fall of Rome
Describe the geography of Greece and explain how this influenced its development.
Describe at least one specific thing that helped Rome become one of the greatest, and longest-lasting empires in history.
Professional Soldiers, trained year long and worked as engineers/policemen during peace
Advanced road system allowed for easy movement of troops and trade
Adopting culture and innovations of conquered people (assimilation)
Republican Government
Describe the Legacy of Ancient Rome and give at least two specific examples of how the Romans contribute to our lives today.
Describe the effect civil wars had on the Roman Empire and how this contributed to its eventual decline and fall.
Civil wars and frequent changes in leadership weakened the Roman military as well as the authority of the emperor. This damaged Rome's ability to defend itself from outside threats, and the emperor's ability to effectively manage the empire
What were mercenary armies and how did they contribute to the decline and fall of Rome?
Mercenaries are foreign soldiers that are paid to fight for a country.
As Rome relied on Mercenaries their own armies became weak and out of practice.
Mercenaries were not loyal to Rome and would often betray Rome if they thought they could get more money.