Biochemisrty
Organelle & Transport
Disease & Cancer
Mitosis & Meiosis
Nature of science
100
What type of biomolecule is the main source of quick energy for the body, and what elements make up this molecule?
Carbohydrate; CHO
100
Identify the plant structure and explain its function.
Central Vacuole: stores water, waste, and nutrients
100
What do vaccines do to protect you from getting sick?
They train your immune system to recognize and fight a specific disease before you’re exposed to it.
100
What is mitosis?
"This type of cell division for body cells that results in two genetically identical daughter cells."
100
Why can a scientific theory never “turn into” a law, even with strong evidence?
Because laws and theories explain different things—laws describe what happens in nature, while theories explain why it happens. More evidence makes a theory stronger, not a law.
200
Explain why enzyme activity increases up to 37°C but decreases sharply after 40°C. What is happening to the enzyme at higher temperatures (50°C)?
it denatures and will not function.
200
Name the structure and explain its function.
Chloroplast: captures light to make food for autotrophs (photosynthesis)
200
Why don’t antibiotics work on viral infections like the flu or a cold?
Because antibiotics only target bacteria, and viruses don’t have cell parts antibiotics can affect.
200
What is meiosis?
"This process produces 4 genetically varied gametes and reduces the chromosome number by half."
200
What earlier idea about life was rejected when scientists developed the Cell Theory?
The idea of spontaneous generation—that living things could appear from nonliving matter—was disproven and replaced with the principle that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
300
Which biomolecule is made up of amino acids and list 3 examples?
Proteins; -in actin, keratin, myosin
300
What 3 features of plant cells that clearly make them
different from animal cells?
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Central Vacoule
300
What happens when cells become cancerous?
They divide uncontrollably and stop following normal cell cycle signals.
300
What phase include the chromosomes lining up at the equator of the cell?
Metaphase
300
How can pollution or poor air quality increase public health problems?
Pollutants can damage the lungs and immune system, leading to higher rates of asthma, respiratory diseases, and long-term health issues in affected communities.
400
Explain the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids.
Nucleic Acids (DNA) are the instructions to make proteins.
400
Why is passive transport important?
- Energy Efficient: It doesn’t require cellular energy, making it a cost-effective way for cells to exchange materials.
- Maintains Balance: Helps regulate concentrations of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
- Supports Cell Function: Ensures that essential molecules like oxygen and glucose enter the cell, and waste products leave.
400
How can changes or mutations in DNA lead to cancer?
Mutations can damage genes that control cell growth, causing uncontrolled division.
400
Analyze how mitosis and meiosis differ in terms of genetic variation.
Mitosis has one division and keeps chromosomes identical; meiosis has two divisions and produces genetically varied gametes.
400
How can a lack of access to vaccines or clean water increase disease outbreaks in a community?
Without vaccines or sanitation, infectious pathogens spread more easily, causing widespread illness and overwhelming healthcare systems
500
Based on the graph, identify where in the human body each enzyme has the optimal pH (most likely to function) and explain your reasoning.
Enzyme A works best at ph 2 and Enzyme B works best at ph 8.
500
Why is active transport essential for maintaining homeostasis in cells?
Active transport uses ATP (energy) to maintain concentration gradients
500
How can the misuse or overuse of antibiotics cause antibiotic resistance?
When antibiotics are used too often or not finished properly, some bacteria survive and adapt, creating stronger, resistant strains that are harder to kill.
500
Compare the number of cell divisions and final products in mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis has one division and produces 2 identical cells; meiosis has two divisions and produces 4 genetically different haploid cells.
500
How can genetic disorders affect public health even though they aren’t contagious?
They can still impact quality of life, require lifelong treatment, and increase healthcare costs and support needs within families and communities.