Energy & Momentum
the ability of an object to move something, or be moved. the ability to do work, by force.
energy
The study of the effects of force on an object, and movement caused by that force.
mechanics
For an object, inertia is its resistance to any change in motion.
inertia
The use of energy to apply a force to move an object. Work is defined as the amount of force multiplied by the distance the object moves.
work
Used to refer to liquids and gasses.
the standard SI unit of energy, which is the ability to do work. it is defined as the energy used by force of one newton moving an object a distance of one
Joule
The study of motion that focuses on how objects move.
kinematics
An unbalanced force acting on an object is equal to its mass multiplied by its acceleration.
Newton's 2nd law
A device made up of one or two parts that reduces the effort needed to do work. It magnifies any applied force.
simple machine
The effect of forces on the movement of fluid.
fluid mechanics
energy is not created or destroyed, it just changes forms.
law of conservation of energy
The study of motion that focuses on why objects move.
dynamics
Unless acted on by an outside force, an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion.
Newton's 1st law
For a lever with different amounts of weight on each side to be balanced, the distance that the first weight is from the pivot point multiplied by the weight, must equal the second weight multiplied by its distance from the pivot point. d1w1=d2w2.
law of moments
The amount of direct force per unit area, that is being exerted on an area.
pressure
for an object in motion, it is the product of mass and velocity
momentum
The rate at which an object changes position, and the direction that it moves.
velocity
The maximum velocity a falling object can achieve when falling through a liquid or gas.
terminal velocity
The property by which a simple machine multiplies an input force.
mechanical advantage
The SI unit for pressure, defined as 1 newton per square meter.
Pascal (Pa)
in a system, momentum is transferred between objects, with the total amount of momentum staying constant
conservation of momentum
The rate at which velocity increases over time.
acceleration
The gravitational forces between objects are directly proportional to their masses.
Universal Law of Gravitation
Using mechanical advantage to reduce the force necessary to move something will result in an increase in the distance that the force acts.
distance principle
In a closed system, fluid pressure is constant at every point. Pressure exerted at any point will be directly and equally transmitted to every point in the closed system.
Pascal's principle