Life
Which pathogen is a single cell and has no nucleus?
Bacterium/bacteria
Which of the following is considered non-living?
a) bacteria
b) virus
c) fungi
b) virus
What are the three types of pathogens we learned about?
Bacteria, viruses, & fungi
Define contagious.
contagious refers to a disease that can spread from person to person
How do contagious diseases spread?
Possible answers:
hand shakes (direct contact), sharing drinks, breathing in droplets after someone coughs/sneezes, contaminated water (fecal-oral), airborne,
What is the main goal of the 3rd line of defense?
To build immunity against certain pathogens.
Our immune system is mostly designed to do what?
It is designed to prevent and fight disease.
What is the job of the first line of defense?
To stop pathogens from entering the body.
What is the main function of the 2nd line of defense?
The second line of defense is a general response to a pathogen once it enters the body.
Once a pathogen has entered the body, which line of defense has it already overcome?
It has overcome the 1st line of defense.
Which of the following is a chemical barrier?
a) skin
b) enzymes
c) hair
b) enzymes
Which of the following is a physical barrier?
a) stomach acid
b) enzymes
c) hair
c) hair
Define a phagocyte.
They are white blood cells that engulf pathogens.
Explain the difference in a microbe & pathogen.
Possible answers:
All pathogens cause disease, but not all microbes cause disease (some are beneficial).
All pathogens are microbes, but NOT all microbes are pathogens.What proteins do B cells produce to fight pathogens?
B cells produce antibodies to help fight pathogens.
What are the key features of the 2nd line of defense?
Fever, inflammation, & phagocytes
Define infectious disease.
An infectious disease is caused by a pathogen.
What are the key features of the 3rd line of defense?
B cells, antibodies, memory cells
If you have redness and swelling around a wound, which line of defense is doing it's job?
The 2nd line of defense.
What are the key features of the 1st line of defense?
Barriers such a as skin, tears, mucus, cilia.
True/False:
A vaccination is a medicine that is used to build immunity.
False.
A vaccination is a treatment that is used to build immunity.
Define herd immunity.
Herd immunity is when the vaccination rate is so high that even those who aren't vaccinated are protected from the disease because it won't spread as easily.
Inflammation brings blood with phagocytes to the infected area, the phagocytes engulf the pathogens and fight the infection/disease.
Which type of B cell remains in the blood to fight pathogens that may come back again in the future to invade your body?
These cells are called memory cells.
What makes up a virus (since it isn't considered living)?
A virus is genetic material in a layer of protein or fat.