Level 1
What is the greenhouse effect?
Greenhouse gases are those that trap heat in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming
What is a carbon sink?
A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon than it releases.
What are the three ways evolution can occur?
Artificial selection
Natural selection
Random processes
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist
What is a Growth Model?
Graphs Help ecologists understand population change
- Exponential growth model:
- Logistic growth model
What are 2 pieces of evidence of climate change.
Glacial retreat
Shrinking ice sheets
Sea level rise
Extreme weather events
Decreased snow cover
Ice cores
Different types of apples is an example of what?
Microevolution
What is an example of a density-dependent factor?
Plants: water, soil nutrients
Animals: food, water, nesting sites, disease
Which type of predation lives on or in the organism they consume
What is the bottleneck effect
a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a reduction in number of organisms
Habitat loss, natural disaster, hunting, etc.
Name the three distinct scales of biodiversity
Ecosystem
Species
Genetic
What are 2 natural sources of greenhouse gases.
Volcanic eruptions
Decomposition
Denitrification
Water vapor
What are two natural sources of greenhouse gasses and which greenhouse gas does it release.
Volcanic eruption: Carbon dioxide and ash, sulfur dioxide
Decomposition: Methane
Denitrification: Nitrous oxide
Water vapor
What is the 50/500 rule?
at least 50 adults are required to avoid the damaging effects of inbreeding, and 500 to avoid extinctions due to the inability to evolve to cope with environmental change
What is two ways the PACE of evolution can be affected?
The rate of environmental change
The amount of genetic variation in the species
The size of the population involved
How fast the species reproduces
the total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time.
What is the difference between species evenness and richness?
Species richness: The number of different species within a given area
Species evenness: Measurement of the abundance of species
Name three species interactions.
Competition
Predation
Mutualism
Commensalism
Who was Dmitri Belyaev? What was his hypothesis.
Russian geneticist 1950’s
Hypothesis: physical and behavioral changes in domesticated animals result of selection on basis of behavioral traits
What causes ocean acidification?
Increased CO2 in the atmosphere. ->
Increased CO2 in the ocean ->
More carbonic acid in the ocean ->
Ocean acidification
After calculating a Simpson’s Diversity Index equation, I get a score of 0.93. What does that mean with respect to the community I analyzed?
Scores near 1 indicate high diversity
What is the difference between climate change and global warming
Global warming “refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperatures near the Earth’s surface
Climate change “refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time
What are two ways evolution can occur due to Random Processes
Mutation
Bottleneck Effect
Genetic Drift
Founder Effect
The future size of the population depends on...
the current size of the population
the intrinsic growth rate
and the amount of time (t) the population grows
What was my favorite Charles Darwin quote?
But I am very poorly today and very stupid and hate everybody and everything.