Questions
Goblet cells produce mucus, which is important in maintaining the health of the airways.
The smallest bronchioles closest to the alveoli are known as respiratory bronchioles. Suggest and explain why respiratory bronchioles do not have any goblet cells
What is the
narrow airways close to the alveoli,
presence of mucus can prevent gas exchange in the alveoli,
few cilia or no cilia to remove the mucus,
risk of infection from trapped pathogens in the mucus
State and explain what the outcome will be for the composition of the extracellular matrix if collagenase inhibitor activity is needed.
What is the collagen is not broken down, because collagen does not fit the active site because the active site changes shape, few enzyme substrate couples formed. Increase collagen formed?
A Sucrose moves through plasmodesmata into the cell. B Hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell. C Sucrose moves into the cell through cotransporter proteins
Match the following cell: companion cell, mesophyll cell, phloem sieve tube element.
What is a.Phloem sieve tube element
b. and c. Companion cell?
The two different circulations of the double circulatory system of mammals and the type of blood vessel that connects capillaries and veins
What is the systemic, pulmonary circulatory system and venules?
Name the phases where centrioles replicate nuclear envelope reassembles around daughter cells, chromosomes line up at the equator, centromeres move towards the poles, condensation of chromosomes, and division of cytoplasm by constriction
What is G2 phase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase, S phase, prophase?
Describe the differences between the epithelium of bronchioles and the epithelium of alveoli, other than differences in the number of goblet cells.
What is bronchioles have columnar epithelium cells, cilia epithelial, and has mucus
Alveoli has squamous epithelia cells without cilia
State the effect that a non-competitive inhibitor will have on the maximum rate of reaction, Vmax, and the Michaelis–Menten constant, Km, of collagenase.
What is Vmax will decrease and KM will remain the same?
Outline how you would determine the surface area of one side of a leaf.
What is place leaf on graph paper and draw around the leaf, count the number of full squares and add up all part squares and divide by 2
Name a spherical shaped protein, enzyme that acts within a cell, enzyme that acts outside a cell, name H2CO3, and name HHB, name HCO3-
What is globular , intracellular, extracellular, carbonic acid ;hemoglobinic acid, hydrogencarbonate ions?
Describe the formula for magnification and actual size
What is M =I /A and A = I / M and measuring in mm multiply by 100 to convert to um
Explain how resistance to drugs such as rifampicin develops.
What is overuse of antibiotics, taking antibiotics for viral infection, not completing the course of antibiotics, bacteria with resistance survive, and bacteria reproduce and passed the gene to offspring
Explain the functions of lysosomes in cells such as macrophages.
What is lysosomes contain enzymes such as lipase or protease, to break down pathogens, non functioning organelles?
For DNA and Collagen name the elements, monomer, bond between monomer, site of production of eukaryotic cell
What is DNA - CHONP, DNA nucleotide, phosphodiester bond and nucleus;CHON, amino acid, peptide bond and ribosomes, RER or cytoplasm
Describe the appearance of the endothelial cells of a capillary.
What is thin, smooth, squamous cells with gaps between cells?
mRNA is UUA what is the tRNA and DNA triplet from which mRNA was transcribed
What is AAU and AAT?
Describe how macrophages engulf bacteria?
What is phagocytosis, antigens on bacteria, attach / bind, to cell (surface) membrane or receptors; infolding / invagination or pinching in of membrane and fusion of membrane of macrophage (to form vacuole)?
Explain how it is possible for many different cell types to respond to the same cell signalling compound.
What is idea of the cells have the, same receptor / on cell (surface) membrane / inside cell ; shape of receptor is complementary to shape of signalling compound / ligand?
Explain why there was a change in mass for the potato cylinders in 0.6moldm–3 sucrose solution.
What is decrease in mass because water molecules leave the cells by osmosis down the water potential gradient. Solution has more negative (higher) water potential than the potato?
Outline the ways in which the composition of tissue fluid differs from blood.
Tissue fluid is almost identical to blood plasma but contains fewer proteins
Describe the secondary structure of a proteins
What is in alpha-helix each N-H forms hydrogen bond with C=O three or four amino acids apart in same polypeptide ; and 2 in beta-pleated sheet each N-H forms hydrogen bond with C=O on adjacent part of the polypeptide ;