chap 2
Persia is the only location we will
examine that has the so called
“bull capitals
Column capital
Body of a lion and head of a pharaoh
Great Sphinx
Imported marble head
Eyes would have been filled with precious
stones, shells or other embellishments
Head may have had a wig too. this is?
Inanna temple complex, Uruk
(modern Warka), Iraq, ca. 3300 BCE.
Marble, 8" high. National Museum of
Iraq, Baghdad
Temple of the first female ruler
of ancient times!
Mortuary temple of
Hatshepsut (looking
southwest), Deir el-Bahri,
Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca.
1473–1458 BCE.
this is a gold drinking vessel with a lion head
Rhyton in the form of a winged lion
male statues in the shape of a column
hint- interior decor
interior of the temple of
Ramses II
gates made with overlapping stones; no mortar yet
hint- its an animal to ward off evil
Lion Gate, Hattusa
(modern Boghazköy), Turkey,
ca. 1400 BCE
Queen is depicted as male
ruler with ceremonial beard
Attendants called her “his
Majesty"
Hatshepsut with offering jars, from the upper court of her mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1473–1458 BCE. Red granite, 8' 6" high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Queen is depicted as male ruler with ceremonial beard Attendants called her “his Majesty”
Political vandalism shows the facial mutilation of this portrait
Head of an Akkadian ruler, from the
Temple of Ishtar, Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik),
Iraq, ca. 2250–2200 BCE. Copper, 1' 2 3/8"
high. National Museum of Iraq, Baghdad
By the end of the Old
Kingdom, all of the Great
Pyramids were looted
Hence, rather than creating a
4-sided pyramid, a maze of
rooms call “rock cut tombs”
was developed. this is what tomb?
Tomb of Khnumhotep II
(tomb 3), Beni Hasan, Egypt, 12th
Dynasty, ca. 1900–1880 BCE.