Foundation
How many lobes are located in the brain and what are their names?
4, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes
Which lobe is responsible for visual processing?
Occipital lobe
T/F: Hemorrhagic strokes are less devastating than ischemic ones and less ischemic strokes occur.
Hemorrhagic strokes are more devastating than ischemic strokes and more ischemic strokes occur.
T/F: Age-related changes in communication abilities are caused by either medical problems or natural aging processes.
False (Age-related changes can be caused by both medical problems and the natural aging process.)
What is the term for difficulty understanding spoken language?
Auditory comprehension deficit
Which hemisphere is more involved in visuospatial tasks?
Right hemisphere
What structures make up the CNS (central nervous system)?
Brain and spinal cord
Which type of aphasia involves effortful, halting speech, often omitting small grammatical words?
Broca’s aphasia
What type of aphasia is characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech?
Wernicke’s aphasia
List 3 of the common medical issues in the elderly that can complicate communication.
Cardiac, neuro, teeth/dentures, cognitive issues, generalized weakness, debility
Executive functions, such as planning and judgment, are primarily controlled by which lobe?
Frontal lobe
Which area of the brain integrates sensory information related to spatial orientation and body awareness?
Parietal lobe
What is the inability to name objects or find the correct words called?
Anomia
What neurological event causes stroke-like symptoms due to a temporary blockage, but results in no lasting brain damage once the blockage dissolves?
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
What is the term for difficulty understanding spoken language?
Auditory comprehension deficit
Damage to which area results in non-fluent speech but relatively preserved comprehension?
Broca’s area
Which type of stroke is caused by a blockage, such as a clot, reducing blood flow to the brain?
Ischemic stroke
A person with aphasia says "gable" instead of "table," substituting one sound for another. What type of paraphasia is this?
Phonemic paraphasia
List 3 possible areas of impairment for someone diagnosed with aphasia.
Fluency
Language output (grammatical structure)
Auditory comprehension
Naming
Reading comprehension
Writing—also called Graphics
Which type of dysfunction is caused by medical treatment, including the use of sedatives and antipsychotics, and results in swallowing difficulties?
Iatrogenic dysfunction/ Dysphagia
Which brain region is involved in coordinating movements and maintaining balance but does not initiate movement?
Cerebellum
A lesion in the right hemisphere often results in deficits in which type of attention?
Sustained attention and visuospatial awareness
List 3 possible signs of a stroke.
1. Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
2. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
3. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
4. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
5. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
What term describes the involuntary repetition of a word or phrase beyond its relevance?
Perseveration
Which condition(s) is (are) not typically associated with motor or sensory impairments in the oral cavity or pharynx?
Alzheimer's disease/ dementia
b/c cognitive rather than motor decline