Definitions
A group of statements in which some of them (the premises) are intended to support another of them (the conclusion).
What is argument?
An argument in which the premises are intended to provide probable, not conclusive, support for its conclusion.
What is inductive argument?
The first part of a conditional statement (If p, then q), the component that begins with the word if.
What is antecedent?
An argument intended to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusion.
What is deductive argument?
A valid argument form:
If p, then q.
p.
Therefore, q.
What is modus ponens (affirming the antecedent)?
In an argument, the statement that the premises are intended to support.
What is conclusion?
An inductive argument that fails to provide strong support for its conclusion.
What is weak argument?
A characteristic of a valid deductive argument in which the logical structure guarantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true.
What is Truth-preserving?
A deductive argument that fails to provide conclusive support for its conclusion.
What is invalid argument?
A valid argument form:
If p, then q.
Not q.
Therefore, not p.
What is modus tollens (denying the consequent)?
An assertion that something is or is not the case.
What is statement (claim)?
An inductive argument that succeeds in providing probable—but not conclusive—support for its conclusion.
What is strong argument?
An “if–then” statement; it consists of the antecedent and the consequent.
What is Conditional statement?
A deductive argument that succeeds in providing conclusive support for its conclusion.
What is valid argument?
A valid argument form:
Either p or q.
Not p.
Therefore, q.
*or (Not q. Therefore, p.)What is disjunctive syllogism?
The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs or statements by rational standards
What is critical thinking?
A strong inductive argument with all true premises.
What is cogent argument?
The part of a conditional statement (If p, then q) introduced by the word then.
What is Consequent?
A deductively valid argument that has true premises.
What is sound argument?
The two invalid conditional argument patterns.
What is denying the antecedent and affirming the consequent?
The process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion based on those premises.
What is inference?
A valid argument made up of three hypothetical, or conditional, statements:
If p, then q.
If q, then r.
Therefore, if p, then r.
What is hypothetical syllogism?